胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物的区系特征与保护

胶州湾海岸湿地植被分4个主要植被型、15个主要植物群落,作为湿地植被建群种、优势种和主要伴生种的维管束植物共有35科61属75种,分盐生植物、水生植物、湿生植物和沙生植物4大生态类群。其中禾本科、黎科、蓼科等7个较大科的种子植物构成了胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物区系的主体。从分布区类型构成看,胶州湾海岸湿地植物区系成分中世界分布属最多,达24属,占总属数的39.3%,这反映了湿地植被的隐域性特征。温带分布区成分和热带分布区成分作为区系成分的主体占总属数的52.4%。针对胶州湾海岸湿地发生的退化现象,提出了保护胶州湾海岸湿地维管束植物的初步措施。

Floral characteristics and protection of vascular plants in coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay

The vegetations in coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay are mainly classified into 4 vegetation types and 15 plant communities.As the edificators,dominant species and main accompanying species in wetland vegetations,the 75 species of vascular plants belong to 35 families and 61 genera,among which,Gramineae,Chenopodiceae and Polygonaceac are most important.Based on the plant morphological characters,surface water condition and soil salinization,the vascular plants in coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay are classified into 4 eco-adapted groups,i.e.,halophtes,hydrophtes,amphiphytes and psammophytes.The genera of vascular plants have 13 areal-types.24 genera occupying 39.3% of the total belong to cosmopolitan-areal type,reflecting that the vascular plants have universals in geographical distribution.The genera belonging to temperate-and tropic-areal types and occupying 52.4% of the total are the other dominant genera.In light to the degradation of coastal wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay,some countermeasures were put forward to protect the vascular plants.