自然保护区外野生动物的管理--以藏北羌塘自然保护区为例

自然保护区内的野生动物大量进入承包草场后,因与家畜争食并破坏草场,和牧民的冲突日益严重,需要制定相应的管理方案加以控制。在藏北高原的羌塘自然保护区与承包草场的边界选取了观察区域,通过样线调查和PRA方法,并选用优势-劣势-机遇-风险分析矩阵评估了现有的管理能力、牧民态度、当地知识体系、当地提出的管理方案与提议等。结果表明,在牧场超载、退化严重的状况下,野生动物与家畜争食使得草场使用的控制目标难以实现;放任自流和修建隔离墙等方案均不可取;自然保护区外野生动物保护是一个循序渐变过程,可根据牧民收入水平、对野生动物的容忍度、当地财政收入状况,充分利用当地知识体系,以成本-效益原则为基础,来制定相应的管理措施;积极吸纳牧民参与管理,尽快实践社区共管的自然保护区外野生动物的管理模式。

Wild animal management in the areas outside of natural reserves: A case study in Qiangtang Natural Re-serve

When the wild animals in Natural Reserves enter into contracted pastures,they'll contest with livestock for grass,and destroy the contracted pasture.To deal with the conflict between wild animals and herdsmen,it's needed to establish a management schedule.In this paper,an observation area along the boundary between Qiangtang Reserve and adjacent contracted pastures was chosen,and the existing ability of management,attitude of herdsmen,local knowledge system,as well as the management projects and proposals put forward by local people were evaluated through transect walk and semi-structure interview and strengths-weaknessopportunity-threats matrix analysis.The results indicated that under the conditions of livestock's over loading and severe pasture degradation,it was difficult to prevent wild animals from entering into contracted pasture and contesting with livestock for grass,and was infeasible to let wild animals alone or build segregation wall.The protection of wild animals outside of Natural Reserves should be arranged in a proper sequence,and the management should be in accordance to the earning level of herdsmen and their tolerability to wild animals,and to the conditions of local finance revenue and knowledge system.Besides these,to attract herdsmen participating into management practice based on the principle of cost-benefit was of significance.