生态交通建设中的动物因素考虑

随着交通设施建设及运营过程中生态环境问题的出现,环境友好的"生态交通"逐渐成为许多国家道路交通建设的目标。铁路和公路等交通设施对动物群落的影响及相应的修复措施是生态交通建设研究中的重要部分。本文回顾了生态交通的产生背景及国内外研究和发展状况;分析了交通及交通设施对野生动物的影响,从道路事故、环境污染和生境阻隔等方面阐述了由此造成的动物群落数量、结构甚至习性的变化;同时,总结了减缓上述不利影响的工程措施及非工程措施,详述了运用最为广泛的动物通道的类型、位置及适用对象,提出了生态交通设计的基本原则和方法。

Consideration of the wild animal factor in eco-transportation construction

With the increasing environmental problems brought by transportation facilities during their construction and operation, more and more attention has been paid by many countries on the construction of environmental friendly ecological transportation system. During this construction, the influence of transportation facilities on wild animal communities and relevant compensation measures are the research core. This paper reviewed the backgrounds of eco-transportation and its researches at home and abroad, analyzed the impacts, e.g., road-kill accidents, environmental pollution, and habitat fragmentation of transportation and its facilities, on the quantity, structure, and habits of wild animal species, and summarized the engineering and non-engineering measures for mitigating these impacts, with the focus on the types, locations, and benefiting objects of animal pathways most extensively utilized today. The basic principles and practices of constructing eco-transportation were proposed.