山东省外来植物的区系特征及空间分布

外来植物及其生态入侵对当地生物多样性保护和生态系统产生的不利影响,是目前生态学研究的热点之一。本文在文献查阅和野外调查基础上,建立了山东省外来植物数据库,并对其组成、地理区系、空间分布等进行统计分析,结果表明:1)山东省现有外来植物共827种,隶属122科,416属,其中境外外来种348种;2)外来植物比例高,占山东植物区系的39.03%,且优势科和表征科明显;3)外来植物属的地理分布多样,温带成分占优势(52.51%),热带成分丰富(44.06%);4)外来植物来源地和分布地相对集中,反映了环境因子和人类活动在入侵因素中的共同影响;5)温带气候带来源的植物较易入侵山东。

Floristic characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of alien plants in Shandong Province

Alien plants and their ecological invasion have negative impacts on indigenous species diversity and ecosystems, being one of the hotspots in current ecological research. Based on literature consultation and field survey, the database of alien plants in Shandong Province was established, with their components, geographical flora and spatial distribution patterns statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were 827 species of alien plants, belonging to 122 families and 416 genera, among which, 348 species were imported from other countries. The alien plant species had a higher proportion, occupying 39.03% of the flora in the province, and were of the obvious dominant families and typical families. The diverse geographic distribution patterns of genera were characterized by 52.51% of temperate zone components and 44.06% of tropical zone components. The relatively centralized origins and distribution of alien species suggested the co-impacts of environment factors and human actions. Alien plants originated from temperate zone were more invasive in Shandong Province than those from other origins.