植物、土壤及土壤管理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,对土壤微生物群落结构多样性的研究是近年来土壤生态学研究的热点。本文综述了有关植物、土壤类型以及土壤管理措施对土壤微生物群落结构影响的最新研究结果,指出植物的作用因植物群落结构多样性、植物种类、同种植物不同的基因型,甚至同一植物不同根的区域而异;而土壤的作用与土壤质地和有机质含量等因素有关;植物和土壤类型在对土壤微生物群落结构影响上的作用存在互作关系。不同的土壤管理措施对土壤微生物群落结构影响较大,长期连作、大量的外援化学物质的应用降低了土壤微生物的多样性;而施用有机肥、免耕可以增加土壤微生物群落结构多样性,有利于维持土壤生态系统的功能。

Effects of plant, soil and soil management on soil microbial community diversity

Soil microbe is an important component of soil ecosystem,and its community diversity in different habitats is the hotspot of recent soil ecological study.This paper summarized the research advances in the effects of plant,soil,and soil management on the diversity of soil microbial community.Soil microbial community diversity varied with plant community diversity,plant species and genotypes,and plant growth stages and its root zone.The effects of soil on soil microbial community diversity were related to soil texture and its organic matter content.There was an interaction between soil and plant on the diversity of soil microbial community.Soil microbial community diversity was also strongly affected by soil management.Long-term monoculture and applying chemical fertilizers or pesticides decreased the diversity,while applying organic manure or non-tillage increased the diversity and was good for maintaining the functions of soil ecosystem.