中西太平洋大眼金枪鱼中心渔场时空分布与温跃层的关系

采用Argo数据和中西太平洋渔业委员会的大眼金枪鱼延绳钓数据,绘制了温跃层和月平均单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)的空间叠加图,分析中西太平洋大眼金枪鱼渔场时空分布对温跃层的响应关系.结果表明: 全年中心渔场纬向主要分布在南北纬10°之间的低纬度区域.在赤道以南有季节性中心渔场的出现和消失,与温跃层上界温度、深度和温跃层厚度的积极性变化有关.中心渔场主要分布在温跃层上界较深(70～100 m)和厚度较大(>60 m)的海域,厚度小于40 m的区域难以形成中心渔场;适宜分布的上界温度区间在26～29 ℃,在此区间外CPUE多小于中心渔场阈值(Q3).中心渔场的空间分布随上界深度和跃层厚度的季节性变动而变动,当赤道以南海域的上界深度变浅以及厚度变薄时,中心渔场消失.温跃层下界温度、深度和温跃层强度季节性变化不显著,但与中心渔场出现有显著关系.中心渔场主要分布在温跃层下界深度两条高值带之间的区域,温度低于13 ℃以及强度大的区域;在温跃层下界深度超过300 m和小于150 m区域,下界温度超过17 ℃的区域,或者强度小的区域难以形成中心渔场.利用频次分析和经验累积分布函数计算其适宜温跃层特征参数分布,结果表明研究区域大眼金枪鱼适宜分布的上界温度、深度和下界温度、深度分别是26～29 ℃、70～110 m、11～13 ℃和200～280 m;适宜分布的温跃层厚度和强度分别是50～90 m和0.1～0.16 ℃·m^-1.本研究初步得出研究区域大眼金枪鱼CPUE空间分布和温跃层的关系,为我国远洋金枪鱼捕捞作业和资源管理提供理论参考.

Relationship between fishing grounds temporal-spatial distribution of Thunnus obesus and thermocline characteristics in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

A thermocline characteristics contour on a spatial overlay map was plotted using data collected on a monthly basis from Argo buoys and data of monthly CPUE (catch per unit effort) bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) long-lines fishery from the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) to evaluate the relationship between fishing grounds temporal-spatial distribution of bigeye tuna and thermocline characteristics in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). In addition, Numerical methods were used to calculate the optimum ranges of thermocline characteristics of the central fishing grounds. The results showed that the central fishing grounds were mainly distributed between 10° N and 10° S. Seasonal fishing grounds in the south of equator were related to the seasonal variations in the upper boundary temperature, depth and thickness of thermocline. The fishing grounds were observed in areas where the upper boundary depth of thermocline was deep (70-100 m) and the thermocline thickness was more than 60 m. The CPUE tended to be low in area where the thermocline thickness was less than 40 m. The optimum upper boundary temperature range for distribution was 26-29 ℃, and the CPUE was mostly lower than the threshold value (Q3) of central fishing grounds when the temperature was higher than 29 ℃ or lower than 26 ℃. The temporal and spatial distribution of the fishing grounds was influenced by the seasonal variations in upper boundary depth and thermocline thickness. The central fishing grounds in the south of equator disappeared when the upper boundary depth of thermocline decreased and thermocline thickness became thinner. The lower boundary temperature and depth of thermocline and thermocline strength has little variation, but were strongly linked to the location of fishing grounds. The fishing grounds were mainly located between the two high-value zones of the lower boundary depth of thermocline, where the temperature was lower than 13 ℃ and the strength was high. When the depth was more than 300 m or less than 150 m, the lower boundary temperature was more than 17 ℃, or the strength was low, the CPUE tended to be low. The optimum range of thermocline characteristics was calculated using frequency analysis and empirical cumulative distribution function. The results showed that the optimum ranges for upper boundary thermocline temperature and depth were 26-29 ℃ and 70-110 m, the optimum lower boundary thermocline temperature and depth ranges were 11-13 ℃ and 200-280 m, the optimum ranges for thermocline thickness and thermocline strength were 50-90 m and 0.1-0.16 ℃·m^-1, respectively. The paper documented the distribution interval of thermocline characteristics for central fishing ground of the bigeye tuna in WCPO. The results provided a reference for improving the efficiency of pelagic bigeye tuna fishing operation and tuna resource management in WCPO.