土壤氟形态与氟污染土壤修复

我国土壤氟污染问题严峻,给部分地区人体健康和生态安全造成严重威胁,但土壤氟污染与防治问题仍没有受到人们的广泛关注.本文概述了土壤中氟的存在形态以及发生的主要化学反应,综述了近年来国内外有关氟污染土壤修复的研究进展,提出了今后氟污染土壤修复的研究方向,以期为氟污染土壤的修复提供借鉴和参考.土壤中氟主要分为5种形态,其中90%以上以残渣态存在,土壤溶液中的氟主要发生沉淀-溶解、络合-解离和吸附-解吸等反应来维持水-土系统中的氟平衡.目前,氟污染土壤修复技术研究主要集中在化学固定修复技术、化学淋洗技术、电动修复技术以及植物修复技术.今后需要重点研究氟在土壤中的赋存形态及其影响因子,筛选功能微生物和植物,开发联合修复技术以修复氟污染土壤.

Fluorine speciation in soil and the remediation of fluorine contaminated soil

In China, fluoride pollution in soil is severe and poses a serious threat to human health and ecological security. However, how to control fluorine-contaminated soil has not received widespread attention. Here, we summarized fluorine speciation in soil and its main chemical reactions in water-soil system and reviewed the research progress on the remediation of fluorine-contaminated soils. Then, we proposed the focus of future research on fluorine-contaminated soil remediation. The aim of this review was providing the reference for the remediation of fluoride-contaminated soil. There are five forms of fluorine in soils, with the proportion of residual fluorine being over 90%. The reactions of fluorine in the soil solution mainly include precipitation-dissolution, complexation-dissociation, and adsorption-desorption. At present, the remediation technology of fluorine contaminated soil mainly focused on chemo-immobilization, chemical leaching, electrokinetic remediation, and phytoremediation. Clarifying the combined forms of fluorine in soil, screening functional microorga-nisms and plants, developing the combined remediation technology will be the focus of future research. Ultimately, on site fluorine-contaminated soil remediation could be implemented.