有机无机肥分次配施对嘎啦苹果生长、15N-尿素吸收利用及损失的影响

以15年生嘎啦苹果/平邑甜茶为试材,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究有机无机肥分次配施对嘎啦苹果/平邑甜茶生长、¹⁵N-尿素吸收利用及损失的影响.结果表明: 与不施有机肥相比,有机无机肥配施显著提高了植株根冠比、叶绿素含量、单株叶片总氮量和单果质量,且有机无机肥分次配施的效果要优于有机无机肥一次性配施.有机无机肥配施提高了各器官对氮的吸收征调能力(Ndff值),其中有机无机肥分次配施的效果更显著;而不同施肥处理各器官的Ndff值均表现为果实最高,其次是叶片、一年生枝、细根、粗根和多年生枝,中心干最低.有机无机肥分次配施植株总氮量和¹⁵N肥料利用率分别为395.39 g和28.4%,显著高于有机无机肥一次性配施处理(342.77 g和21.1%)和不施有机肥处理(296.41 g和14.6%),而¹⁵N损失率为51.3%,显著低于有机无机肥一次性配施处理(57.5%)和不施有机肥处理(60.6%).

Effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers on plant growth, 15N absorption,utilization and loss of Gala apple tree

Fifteen-year-old ‘Gala’/M. hupehensis Rehd. trees and ¹⁵N trace technique were used to explore the effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers on plant growth, ¹⁵N absorption, utilization and loss. The main results were as follows: compared to control, combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the root-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen content of leaves and mean fruit mass. The effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment were more obvious than one time combined application. Combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment improved the capacity of ¹⁵N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) of different organs, with the effects of split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment being more significant. The Ndff value of fruits in different treatments were the highest, followed by leaves, biennial branches, fine roots, large roots and perennial branches, and lowest in trunks. Total N content of plant and ¹⁵N-urea utilization rate of the split combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers treatment were 395.39 g and 28.4% respectively, which were obviously higher than the treatments of one time combined application (342.77 g and 21.1%) and no organic fertilizer application (296.41 g and 14.6%), while ¹⁵N loss rate was 51.3%, which was obviously lower than the treatments of one time combined application (57.5%) and no organic fertilizer application (60.6%).