经济快速增长区建筑用地变化及其对生态质量的影响——以福建晋江为例

改革开放以来,中国经济增长促进了建筑用地的快速增加,并在很大程度上影响着区域生态质量.本文以东南沿海经济快速增长的福建省晋江市为例,利用遥感技术重点研究经济快速增长导致的建筑用地变化及其对区域生态质量的影响.基于晋江市1996和2015年的Landsat遥感影像,利用建筑用地指数(IBI)提取建筑用地信息,并进行建筑用地变化分析;同时利用遥感生态指数(RSEI)对生态质量进行评价,定量分析城镇建筑用地变化与生态质量变化之间的关系.结果表明: 1996—2015年,晋江市建筑用地面积共增加68.54 km²,增幅达45%,建筑用地扩展强度为0.55.建筑用地的增加导致该市生态质量总体下降,RSEI均值从1996年的0.532下降到2015年的0.460,降幅达13.5%;生态优良等级所占面积的比例从1996年的39%下降到 2015年的21%.建筑用地扩展强度与生态质量呈显著负相关关系.

Built-up land change and its impact on ecological quality in a fast-growing economic zone: Jinjiang County,Fujian Province,China

Since China’s reform and opening-up, the rapid growth of China’s economy has greatly accelerated the expansion of built-up land, which has affected regional ecological environment to a great extent. Taking Jinjiang County of Fujian Province, one of the fastest economic-developing counties in the coastal areas of southeastern China, as a case study area, this paper focused on analyzing the rapid built-up land expansion process of the county and its impact on county’s ecological quality using remote sensing techniques. Based on two Landsat images of 1996 and 2015 of Jinjiang, the built-up land of the county was extracted using the index-based built-up index (IBI) and its change was analyzed. In the meantime, the ecological status of Jinjiang was evaluated with a recently-proposed remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) and the relationship between the built-up land dynamics and the ecological status changes of the county was quantitatively examined. The results showed that during the period from 1996 to 2015, the area of built-up land of Jinjiang had a net increase of 68.54 km², a growth of 45%, and the expansion intensity was 0.55. The expansion of the built-up lands has caused overall degradation of the county’s ecological quality. The mean value of RSEI of the county had declined from 0.532 in 1996 to 0.460 in 2015, a drop of13.5%. The area proportion of high ecological-quality grades also significantly fell from 39% in 1996 to 21% in 2015. The built-up land expansion intensity was negatively correlated with the ecological quality change.