农业化学投入强度替代效率及其影响因素

采用SE-DEA和空间基尼系数,研究了2000—2016年我国农业化学投入强度替代效率,并运用Tobit模型分析了我国及各地区替代效率的驱动因素.结果表明: 我国农业化学投入强度替代的综合效率和规模效率呈现出“N”字型趋势,纯技术效率则波动上升,替代效率的地区差异明显,东部地区更倚重替代要素的投入规模;各年份全国省域差异最高的是综合效率,其次为纯技术效率,规模效率的区域差异性最小,地区内部省域差异逐渐减小,东部地区省域差异最大;农业化学投入替代效率受农业技术水平、农户收入水平、农业生产结构、农业发展程度和工业化水平的显著影响,各地区受各因素影响差异明显.推动农业化学投入替代效率,要从提高农业化学投入强度替代要素的投入效率、调整农用工业发展结构、关注农民收入水平和修订农业化学投入强度替代的补贴政策等方面入手.

Substitution efficiency of agro-chemical input intensity and its influence factors

We examined the substitution efficiency of agro-chemical input intensity from 2000 to 2016 in China by employing SE-DEA model and Gini coefficient, and analyzed the driving factors of substitution efficiency with Tobit model. The results showed that the comprehensive efficiency and the scale efficiency of substitution of agro-chemical input intensity displayed the trend of “N-shaped”, while the pure technical efficiency was enhanced with some fluctuations. The regional diffe-rences of substitution efficiency were obvious, with the eastern region relying more heavily on the input scale of substitution factors. The most salient provincial-regional difference was the comprehensive efficiency, followed by the pure technical efficiency, and the least salient regional diffe-rence was the scale efficiency nationwide. The provincial-regional difference decreased year by year within each region. The Eastern region’s provincial-regional difference was the greatest. The substitution efficiency was significantly affected by agricultural technology level, farmers’ income level, agricultural production structure, agricultural development level and industrialization level. Besides, there were obvious differences in the influencing factors among regions. To promote the substitution efficiency of agro-chemical input, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of substitution factors of agro-chemical input intensity, to adjust the development structure of agro-industry, to pay attention to farmers’ income level, and to revise the subsidy policy of substitution of agricultural chemical input intensity.