日光温室冬季增施CO2对切花红掌光合作用及生长发育的影响

针对切花红掌日光温室冬季生产时CO₂亏缺严重的现象,以不增施CO₂为对照,研究了增施700、1000、1300 μmol·mol^-1浓度CO₂对切花红掌‘火焰’光合特性和生长发育的影响.结果表明: 增施60 d CO₂,红掌叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度和水分利用效率均显著提高,且以1000 μmol·mol^-1处理的增幅最大;而气孔导度则较对照显著下降.增施CO₂后,红掌叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均较对照显著增加,佛焰苞大小、色泽、花茎长度等切花品质参数,以及叶片发育质量参数和花茎生长速率均有不同程度的提高,且均以1000 μmol·mol^-1浓度最佳.增施1000 μmol·mol^-1的CO₂可以有效促进日光温室切花红掌的冬季生产.

Effects of CO2 fertilization on photosynthesis and growth of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse in winter

Aiming at the problem of the acute shortage of CO₂ in winter production of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse, the effect of CO₂ fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and growth performance of A. andraeanum ‘Fire’ was investigated. Three treatments with different concentrations of CO₂ were designed, i.e., 700, 1000 and 1300 μmol·mol^-1, with receiving no extra CO₂ as the control. The results showed that for the CO₂-fertilized plants, the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration and water use efficiency were significantly greater than those in the control plants after CO₂ fertilization for 60 days, and the largest increase range was observed in the 1000 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ treatment, whereas the stomata conductance was significantly reduced compared with the control. Meanwhile, the contents of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein in CO₂-fertilized plants were significantly higher than those in control plants. Moreover, the quality of cut flowers with CO₂ fertilization was remarkably superior to control flowers in term of the parameters including spathe size, spathe color, peduncle length, leaf growth performance and peduncle growth rate. The most superior improvement was observed in the 1000 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ treatment. It was therefore concluded that CO₂ fertilization of 1000 μmol·mol^-1 could effectively improve the winter production of cut A. andraeanum in solar greenhouse.