南四湖湿地景观空间格局动态演变

以山东省南四湖湿地为例,选取1987、2002、2014年3期遥感影像,应用景观格局指数、动态度、景观梯度和格网化模型等方法,对南四湖湿地景观格局的动态变化进行研究.结果表明: 1987—2014年,研究区景观蔓延度指数和聚集度指数逐渐减小,景观多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐增大,景观类型面积趋于均匀且分布格局间断零散,人类活动对南四湖湿地景观的干扰度呈现增强趋势.研究期间,南四湖湿地总面积逐渐增加,其中,湖泊面积先减少后增加,2014年面积达到最大;湖滨池塘面积也呈现持续增加趋势,但增速减缓;河流面积基本保持稳定;沼泽面积持续减少.南四湖地区的农业活动、南四湖自然保护区的成立及南水北调工程在南四湖湿地景观格局的变化中起着重要作用.

Dynamic evolution of wetland landscape spatial pattern in Nansi Lake,China

Based on Landsat images in 1987, 2002 and 2014 from Nansi Lake located in Shandong Province, landscape pattern index, dynamic index, landscape gradient and gridding model were used for analysis of the wetland distribution in the lake. The results showed that the landscape contagion index and aggregation index gradually decreased from 1987 to 2014, while the landscape diversity index and evenness index gradually increased. The distribution of landscape area was more uniform while its patterns trended to be fragmented. Human activities impacted Nansi wetland distribution and the disturbance presented an increasing trend. The total area of Nansi wetland gradually increased during the study period. The area of lake first decreased then increased, and the area reached the maximum in 2014. The area of the ponds along the riparian zone had increased gradually, but the increasing speed slowed down. The area of the rivers remained stable, while the area of the swamps decreased continually during the period. The change of landscape pattern of Nansi Lake wetland mainly resulted from agricultural activities, establishment of Nansi Lake Natural Reserve, and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.