小麦与蚕豆间作系统氮肥调控对小麦白粉病发生及氮素累积分配的影响

通过田间小区试验,设N₀(0 kg·hm^-2)、N₁(112.5 kg·hm^-2)、N₂( 225 kg·hm^-2)、N₃( 337.5 kg·hm^-2) 4个施氮水平,研究不同施氮水平下小麦与蚕豆间作对小麦白粉病发生、植株氮含量和氮素累积分配的影响,探讨间作系统氮肥调控下小麦植株氮素含量、氮素累积分配与白粉病发生的关系.结果表明: 无论单作还是间作,施氮(N₁、N₂和N₃)均增加了小麦籽粒产量,以N₂水平下产量最高,单、间作分别为4146和4679 kg·hm^-2;施氮加重了小麦白粉病的发生与危害,N₁、N₂和N₃水平下病害进展曲线下的面积(AUDPC)分别平均增加39.6%～55.6%(基于发病率DI)和92.5%～217.0%(基于病情指数DSI),病情指数受氮素调控的影响较发病率大;施氮显著提高小麦植株氮含量(8.4%～51.6%)和氮素累积量(19.7%～133.7%),对氮素分配比例无显著影响.与单作相比,间作小麦产量平均增加12.0%;AUDPC(DI)和AUDPC(DSI)分别平均降低11.5%和30.7%,间作对病情指数的控制效果优于发病率.间作显著降低发病盛期小麦氮含量、阶段累积量和叶片中氮素分配比例(降幅6.6%～12.5%、1.4%～6.9%和9.0%～15.5%).在本研究条件下,兼顾控病效果和产量效应,小麦施氮量不应超过225 kg·hm^-2.

Effects of N application on wheat powdery mildew occurrence,nitrogen accumulation and allocation in intercropping system

The main objective of this field experiment was to study the effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on occurrence of wheat powdery mildew, nitrogen content, accumulation and allocation of wheat plant at 4 nitrogen levels of N₀(0 kg·hm^-2), N₁(112.5 kg·hm^-2), N₂(225 kg·hm^-2), N₃(337.5 kg·hm^-2), and to explore the relationship between N content, accumulation, allocation and the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew. The results showed that both monocropped and intercropped wheat yields increased with nitrogen application, with the highest yields of monocropped and intercropped wheat being 4146 kg·hm^-2 and 4679 kg·hm^-2 at N₂ le-vel, respectively. The occurrence and development of wheat powdery mildew become more severe with the increase of N application and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC) were averagely increased by 39.6%-55.6%(calculated with disease incidence, DI) and 92.5%-217.0% (calculated with disease severity index, DSI) with N₁, N₂ and N₃ treatments. The disease severity index was more affected by nitrogen regulation than by disease incidence. The nitrogen content and accumulation of wheat plant were significantly increased by 8.4%-51.6% and 19.7%-133.7% with nitrogen application, but there was no significant effect on N allocation ratio. Compared with monocropped wheat, yield of intercropped wheat was averagely increased by 12%, whereas, the AUDPC(DI) and AUDPC(DSI) of intercropped wheat were averagely decreased by 11.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The control effect of the disease severity index by intercropping was better than disease incidence. The nitrogen content, accumulation and nitrogen allocation ratio in intercropped wheat leaves were significantly decreased by 6.6%-12.5%, 1.4%-6.9% and 9.0%-15.5% respectively at the peak infection stage of powdery mildew. Overall findings showed that the maximum rate of nitrogen application for wheat should not exceed 225 kg·hm^-2 when taking into account both disease control and yield effect.