不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化

为了比较5个茶用菊新品种(系)的产量水平,并筛选出获得高产的定植期和摘心方案,以 ‘苏菊10号’、‘苏菊12号’、‘苏菊13号’、‘CH1-44’、‘CH5-13’ 为试材,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主区为早、中、晚3个定植期,裂区为5个新品种(系),裂裂区为4种摘心方案,比较不同栽培措施下植株生长和产量的差异.结果表明: 5个新品种(系)中,‘CH5-13’和‘苏菊13号’产量相对较高,‘CH1-44’和‘苏菊10号’产量次之,‘苏菊12号’产量最低;5月27日中期定植、二次摘心措施下5个新品种(系)的株高、冠幅、单株花数、花径、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著优于其他处理,较5月7日和6月13日定植分别提高16.0%和19.0%、18.0%和22.8%、36.7%和42.2%、11.1%和2.3%、13.0%和4.0%、47.8%和36.6%、48.5%和36.7%.随着摘心时间的推迟,株高显著降低,二次摘心株高较不摘心降低50.2%;二次摘心处理的冠幅、单株花数、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量最高,较不摘心依次提高17.0%、29.1%、5.5%、34.0%和34.8%.品种(系)、定植期、摘心方案3个因素对茶用菊生长性状和产量影响作用的大小依次为:定植期>品种>摘心.

Changes of growth and yield characters of five varieties (lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum under different planting dates and pinching patterns

To identify the high yield planting date and pinching pattern, we compared the yields of five new varieties (lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum, the ‘Suju 10’, ‘Suju 12’, ‘Suju 13’, ‘CH1-44’ and ‘CH5-13’. A field experiment with split-split plot design was carried out. The main plot treatments including three (early, middle and late) planting dates, split-plot treatments including 5 new varieties (lines), and split-split-plot treatments including four different kinds of pinching schemes. The results showed that the yield of ‘CH5-13’ and ‘Suju 13’ was relatively higher among the five varieties (lines), followed by ‘CH1-44’ and ‘Suju10’, and ‘Suju 12’ showed the lowest yield. Among the five varieties (lines), planting date on May 27th and two-time pinching treatments showed the highest values of plant height, crown width, flower number, flower diameter, fresh mass, yield per plant and yield per unit area. Compared with the planting date on May 7th and June 13th, the above indexes increased by 16.0% and 19.0%, 18.0% and 22.8%, 36.7% and 42.2%, 11.1% and 2.3%, 13.0% and 4.0%, 47.8% and 36.6%, 48.5% and 36.7%, respectively. With the pinching time postponed, plant height decreased. Compared with the no pinching treatment, plant height of the two-time pinching treatment decreased by 50.2%, and values of crown width, flowers number, the flower fresh mass, the yield per plant and the yield per unit area were highest, with increases of 17.0%, 29.1%, 5.5%, 34.0% and 34.8%, respectively. The impact performance of three main factors on the growth and yield of the tea-applied chrysanthemum was in order of planting date>varieties>pinching time.