大气NO2影响植物生长与代谢的研究进展

二氧化氮(NO₂)是大气氮氧化物之一,是大气气溶胶颗粒形成的主要成分,降低大气NO₂浓度可减轻空气中的雾霾.大气NO₂通过干沉降和湿沉降两种方式降落到植物叶片.植物吸收NO₂后主要通过两种代谢途径来降低空气中NO₂浓度: 一是主要在细胞质和叶绿体中利用还原酶的氮代谢途径,二是在质外体和细胞质中的歧化反应.植物吸收NO₂干扰了植物正常的生长和生理代谢,包括: 植物营养和生殖生长,植物体内硝酸还原酶(NaR)活性、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性、氮素吸收、光合等生理代谢过程.对目前国内外有关大气NO₂影响植物生长与代谢的研究进展进行了综述,并对植物吸收NO₂的生理及分子机制的未来研究方向进行了展望.

Research progress on the effects of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide on plant growth and metabo-lism

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is one type of the atmospheric nitrogen oxides, which is the main component of atmospheric aerosol particles. Reducing the concentration of atmospheric NO₂ can decrease the haze in the air. Atmospheric NO₂ deposits on plant leaves by both dry and wet deposition. After leaf absorption, atmospheric NO₂ was reduced by two metabolism ways: one was the nitrogen metabolism by reductase mainly in cytoplasm and chloroplast, and the other was the pathway of NO₂ decomposition reaction in the apoplast and cytoplasm. Plant absorption of NO₂ disturbs plant normal growth and physiological metabolism, including vegetative growth and reproductive growth, nitrate reductase (NaR) activity, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity, nitrogen uptake, photosynthetic and other physiological metabolic processes. Here, we reviewed the research progress on the effects of atmospheric NO₂ on plant growth and metabolism, and proposed the future research direction of physiological and molecular mechanism of atmospheric NO₂ absorption by plants.