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西安市景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响
引用本文:邹月,周忠学.西安市景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,28(8):2629-2639.
作者姓名:邹月  周忠学
作者单位:1.陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710119 ;2.陕西师范大学地理学国家级实验教学示范中心, 西安 710119
基金项目:本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41271550)资助
摘    要:研究快速城市化地区景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响,对城市空间格局调控、健康稳定城市生态系统的构建、区域土地资源优化利用和生态环境的保护及区域可持续发展具有重要意义.本文基于西安市3期(1999、2006和2015年)TM遥感影像的解译结果和社会经济统计数据,利用景观生态学和生态系统服务相关理论,分析了城市化影响下西安市景观格局特征和生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征,并定量分析了景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响.结果表明: 随着城市化进程的加快,西安市景观格局发生了很大变化,其中,建设用地和园地景观不断增加,耕地、林地、水域景观减少;研究区景观呈现出愈加破碎化、多样化和不规则化的趋势.1999—2015年,西安市生态系统服务总价值减少19.03亿元.耕地、林地和水域景观生态服务价值下降,园地景观生态服务价值增加;气候调节对生态系统服务的价值贡献率最大,气体调节的价值减少量最大,水源涵养的价值减少率最大.西安市生态系统服务价值中心城区低、南部山区高;1999—2015年,生态服务价值在空间上呈下降趋势,低值区的范围由中心城区逐渐向周边区县扩展.景观格局变化会对区域生态系统结构、功能及过程产生重要影响.城市建筑景观的扩张与蔓延、交通道路网的延伸与交织使各景观类型被严重分割,破碎化增强;对区域生态服务价值贡献率较大的林地、耕地、水域等生态型景观类型减少,最终导致区域生态系统服务价值减少.

关 键 词:景观格局  破碎化  生态系统服务价值  西安市
收稿时间:2016-12-01

Impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value of Xi’an City,China
ZOU Yue,ZHOU Zhong-xue.Impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value of Xi’an City,China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,28(8):2629-2639.
Authors:ZOU Yue  ZHOU Zhong-xue
Institution:;1.College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China ;2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
Abstract:It is very important to study the impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value in rapid urbanization area, for the regulation and control of urban spatial pattern, the construction of healthy and stable urban ecosystem, the optimal utilization of regional land resources, the conservation of ecological environment and the regional sustainable development. Based on the interpretation data of remote sensing imageries (1999, 2006 and 2015) and the socio-economic data of Xi’an City, using the theory of landscape ecology and ecosystem services, this paper investigated the characteristics of landscape pattern and the temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value under the influence of urbanization in Xi’an, and then quantitatively analyzed the effects of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value. The results showed that, with the acceleration of urbanization, the landscape in Xi’an experienced great changes in recent decades, with the area of built-up land and orchard increased, the area of arable land, woodland and water body reduced, and the landscape became more fragmented, diversified and irregular. From 1999 to 2015, the total value of ecosystem services in Xi’an was reduced by 19.03 billion yuan, in which the ecological service values provided by arable land, woodland and water body decreased, and that by orchard landscape increased. The contribution of climate regulation to the total value of ecosystem services was the largest, the reduction of gas regulating value was the largest, and the value of water conservation reduction rate was the largest. In Xi’an City, ecosystem service value was lower in the central urban area and higher in the southern mountainous area. The total value of ecological service from 1999 to 2015 declined, and the range of low-value area gradually expanded from the central urban area to surrounding counties. The change of landscape pattern could have important influence on the structure, function and process of regional ecosystem. The expansion and spread of the urban landscape as well as the extension of traffic network made the landscape more fragmented. The decrease of woodland, arable land and water body which provided higher ecological service value could lead to the reduction of value in regional ecosystem services.
Keywords:landscape pattern  fragmentation  ecosystem service value  Xi’an City
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