生物炭影响作物生长及其与化肥混施的增效机制研究进展

利用秸秆型生物炭进行还田改土不仅具有提升作物产量的潜力,而且能够产生明显的环境效益,现已成为当今国内外农业领域的研究热点.本文综述了近年来国内外有关生物炭添加影响作物生长的分子调控机制研究,尤其关注了生物炭与作物根系的互作效应;介绍了生物炭与化肥混施的生物学效应及可能的增效机制;展望了今后的研究方向,以期促进我国相关领域的研究.国内外的最新研究表明:生物炭土壤添加改善植物生长的关键是生长素相关信号转导分子,通过促进植物细胞扩增、细胞壁松弛、水及营养的转运等相关基因的表达,有利于植物的新陈代谢及生长.生物炭及其与根系的相互作用能够直接或间接地影响土壤物理、化学、生物因子,从而在炭、肥互作增效过程中起主导调控作用.

Research progress in effects of biochar application on crop growth and synergistic mechanism of biochar with fertilizer

The application of biochar made from crop straw to soil has already become a research hotspot in the field of agriculture at home and abroad, because it can increase crop production capacity with specific environmental benefits. This review summarized the progress of recent research regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of biochar on crop growth, with particular emphasis on the interactions between crop roots and biochar in soil. The biological effects of the interactions between fertilizer and biochar application and the probable mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect were discussed. The current work proposed the prospects of biochar in agriculture and would promote the relative researches in China. The recent researches indicated that auxin and related signaling molecules play a key role in the growth stimulation in response to biochar application by promoting the expression of genes controlling cell expansion, loosening of the cell wall, and membrane transport for water and nutrients. Biochar and its interaction with plant roots could directly or indirectly influence the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, which would regulate the function and synergistic effects of biochar coupled with fertilizer.