基于改进TOPSIS-灰色GM(1,1)模型的张家界市旅游生态安全动态预警

旅游生态安全预警对旅游地协调生态环境保护与旅游产业快速发展的矛盾,推进区域社会经济持续健康发展具有重要意义.本文基于DPSIR模型,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应5方面构建了张家界市旅游生态安全预警指标体系,在此基础上,运用改进TOPSIS法对2001—2014年张家界市的旅游生态安全警情格局进行评估,并运用灰色GM(1,1)模型对其2015—2020年的警情演变趋势进行预测.结果表明: 总体上,2001—2014年,张家界市的旅游生态安全贴近度呈略微上升态势,警度处于“中警”.就各子系统而言,2001—2014年,张家界市旅游生态安全驱动力系统和压力系统的警度呈上升趋势,由“轻警”演变成“重警”;状态系统和影响系统的警度变化不大,一直处于“中警”;响应系统的警度呈下降趋势,由“巨警”转变成“无警”.按现状发展态势,2015—2020年,张家界市的旅游生态安全贴近度将进一步上升,警度将由“中警”向“轻警”转变,但协调旅游发展与生态建设和环境保护关系的任务依然较艰巨.

Tourism ecological security early warning of Zhangjiajie,China based on the improved TOPSIS method and the grey GM (1,1)model

Tourism ecological security early warning is of great significance both to the coordination of ecological environment protection and tourism industry rapid development in tourism destination, and the sustainable and healthy development of regional social and economy. Firstly, based on the DPSIR model, the tourism ecological security early warning index system of Zhangjiajie was constructed from 5 aspects, which were driving force, pressure, state, impact and response. Then, by using the improved TOPSIS method, the tourism ecological security situation of Zhangjiajie from 2001 to 2014 was analyzed. Lastly, by using the grey GM (1,1) model, the tourism ecological security evolution trend of 2015-2020 was predicted. The results indicated that, on the whole, the close degree of Zhangjiajie’s tourism ecological security showed a slightly upward trend during 2001-2014, the warning degree was the “moderate warning”. In terms of each subsystem, warning degree of the driving force system and the pressure system of Zhangjiajie’s tourism ecological secu-rity were on the rise, which evolved from “light warning” to “heavy warning”; warning degree of the state system and the impact system had not changed so much, and had been in the “moderate warning”; warning degree of the response system was on the decline, which changed from “huge warning” to “no warning” during 2001-2014. According to the current development trend, the close degree of Zhangjiajie’s tourism ecological security would rise further in 2015-2020, and the warning degree would turn from “moderate warning” into “light warning”, but the task of coordinating the relationship between tourism development and ecological construction and environmental protection would be still arduous.