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沈阳桃仙国际机场鸟类夜间迁徙规律
引用本文:王莹,施媛,金麟雨,关爽,黄子强,郝恒宇,万冬梅,李东来.沈阳桃仙国际机场鸟类夜间迁徙规律[J].生态学杂志,2019,30(1):292-300.
作者姓名:王莹  施媛  金麟雨  关爽  黄子强  郝恒宇  万冬梅  李东来
作者单位:1.辽宁大学生命科学院, 沈阳 110036; ;2.长春市第七十二中学, 长春 130052; ;3.桃仙国际机场, 沈阳 100043
基金项目:本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31301888,31672316)、辽宁省教育厅一般项目(L2015196)和桃仙机场鸟情生态调研专项资助
摘    要:在鸟类迁徙季节,夜间鸟击事故频发是机场鸟击发生的一个显著特点.了解鸟类的夜间迁徙规律对于改进夜间鸟击防范措施具有重要的指导意义.本研究综合采用网捕法和声音记录法对沈阳桃仙机场夜间鸟类迁徙物种组成和迁徙规律进行研究.结果表明: 56种鸟类(占比88.9%)具有夜间迁徙习性,且以后半夜迁徙为主;鸟类夜间迁徙具有明显的时间动态和迁徙次序,春季鸟类迁徙较为集中,迁徙高峰在5月中旬,主要鸟类由鹌鹑、红尾伯劳、栗耳鹀、黑喉石鵖、普通夜鹰、黄眉柳莺等组成,秋季迁徙较为分散,迁徙高峰出现在9月下旬至10月上旬,主要由鹌鹑、灰背鸫、红喉鹨、丘鹬、矛斑蝗莺和灰头鵐等组成.对夜间迁徙鸟类的危险等级评估发现,春季严重危险物种是鹌鹑和红尾伯劳,秋季严重危险物种是鹌鹑、纵纹腹小鸮、灰背鸫和丘鹬.分别从夜间迁徙鸟类组成、迁徙动态、时间节律和物种危险等级等角度提出了相应的鸟击防范对策,为桃仙机场鸟击防范提供参考.

关 键 词:鸟击  鸣声  迁徙鸟类  夜间迁徙  物种危险等级
收稿时间:2018-03-29

Patterns of bird nocturnal migration at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport,Northeast China
WANG Ying,SHI Yuan,JIN Lin-yu,GUAN Shuang,HUANG Zi-qiang,HAO Heng-yu,WAN Dong-mei,LI Dong-lai.Patterns of bird nocturnal migration at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2019,30(1):292-300.
Authors:WANG Ying  SHI Yuan  JIN Lin-yu  GUAN Shuang  HUANG Zi-qiang  HAO Heng-yu  WAN Dong-mei  LI Dong-lai
Institution:1.College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shen-yang 110036, China; ;2.Changchun Seventy-second Middle School, Changchun 130052, China; ;3.Shenyang Taoxian International Airport, Shenyang 100043, China
Abstract:The high frequency of bird strikes at night during the migration season is a remarkable characteristic of bird strikes at airports. Understanding the nocturnal migration patterns of birds is important for improving the methods to prevent bird strikes at night. In this study, we combined the methods of mist-net capture and sound recording to examine the composition of bird species and the patterns of nocturnal migration at Taoxian Airport. We found that 56 species of birds (88.9% of the total) migrated at night and mainly migrated after midnight. There were obvious temporal dynamics and sequence in migration. The time of spring migration was more concentrated and the migration peaked in mid-May, with Coturnix japonica, Lanius cristatus, Emberiza fucata, Saxicola torquatus, Caprimulgus indicus and Phylloscopus inornatus as the dominant species. The migration pattern was more dispersed in autumn and the peak of migration was in late September to early October, and the main species were C. japonica, Turdus hortulorum, Anthus cervinus, Scolopax rusticola, Locustella lanceolata and Emberiza spodocephala. Based on the Bird Hazard Risk Assessment, there were mainly two species with high risk (C. japonica and L. cristatus) in spring migration and four species with high risk (C. japonica, Athene noctua, T. hortulorum and S. rusticola) in autumn migration. We proposed several strategies for the prevention of bird strike based on the composition of migratory birds, migration dynamics, migration rhythm and species risk level, which could serve as references for bird strike prevention at Taoxian Airport.
Keywords:bird strike  flight call  migratory bird  nocturnal migration  species risk level  
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