电厂温排水增温对浮游动物粒径谱的影响

利用浮游生物Ⅰ(孔径505 μm)、Ⅱ(160 μm)、Ⅲ(77 μm)型拖网所得的10个站位、4个季节丰度数据,以浮游动物生物体积为单位划分粒级,探讨了国华电厂排水口附近海域浮游动物Sheldon型粒径谱和标准化粒径谱的时空变化特征,以期探明海域增温对浮游动物粒径谱影响.结果表明: 浮游动物个体体积范围为0.00012～127.0 mm³·ind^-1,可划分为21个对数粒级组,对数范围为-13.06～6.99.据Sheldon型粒径谱结果,构成不同月份粒径谱主谱峰的主要种类有桡足幼体、墨氏胸刺水蚤、中华哲水蚤、仔鱼、百陶箭虫、拿卡箭虫和球型侧腕水母,小谱峰大多由个体较小的幼体类、剑水蚤类、针刺拟哲水蚤构成.在不同增温区断面中,桡足幼体、鱼卵和剑水蚤类等基本不受增温影响,而大型浮游动物,如百陶箭虫、拿卡箭虫、球型侧腕水母、中华哲水蚤和瓜水母等明显倾向于迁离排水口.从标准化粒径谱参数变化看,截距从低到高分别发生在11、2、5和8月;斜率变化以2月最小,5月与8月斜率相似且较大,表明2月小型浮游动物在群落中所占比例最高,而中大型浮游动物以5月和8月较高.在不同断面中,斜率以距离排水口0.2 km断面最低,且随着断面距离增加而增加,说明距离排水口越近,浮游动物小型化越明显.象山港标准化粒径谱年平均截距为4.68,斜率为-0.655.

Effects of temperature increase on zooplankton size spectra in thermal discharge seawaters near a power plant,China

Utilizing the plankton Ⅰ (505 μm), Ⅱ (160 μm), Ⅲ (77 μm) nets to seasonally collect zooplankton samples at 10 stations and the corresponding abundance data was obtained. Based on individual zooplankton biovolume, size groups were classified to test the changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of both Sheldon and normalized biovolume size spectra in thermal discharge seawaters near the Guohua Power Plant, so as to explore the effects of temperature increase on zooplankton size spectra in the seawaters. The results showed that the individual biovolume of zooplankton ranged from 0.00012 to 127.0 mm³·ind^-1, which could be divided into 21 size groups, and corresponding logarithmic ranges were from -13.06 to 6.99. According to Sheldon size spectra, the predominant species to form main peaks of the size spectrum in different months were Copepodite larvae, Centropages mcmurrichi, Calanus sinicus, fish larvae, Sagitta bedoti, Sagitta nagae and Pleurobrachia globosa, and minor peaks mostly consisted of individuals with smaller larvae, Cyclops and Paracalanus aculeatus. In different warming sections, Copepodite larvae, fish eggs and Cyclops were mostly unaffected by the temperature increase, while the macrozooplankton such as S. bedoti, S. nagae, P. globosa, C. sinicus and Beroe cucumis had an obvious tendency to avoid the outfall of the power plant. Based on the results of normalized size spectra, the intercepts from low to high occurred in November, February, May and August, respectively. At the same time, the minimum slope was found in February, and similarly bigger slopes were observed in May and August. These results indicated that the proportion of small zooplankton was highest in February, while the proportions of the meso- and macro-zooplankton were relatively high in May and August. Among different sections, the slope in the 0.2 km section was minimum, which increased with the increase of section distance to the outfall. The result obviously demonstrated that the closer the distance was from outfall of the power plant, the smaller the zooplankton became. On the whole, the average intercept of normalized size spectrum in Xiangshan Bay was 4.68, and the slope was -0.655.