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等渗NaCl、干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响
引用本文:杨凤军,李天来,臧忠婧,吴瑕.等渗NaCl、干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,28(8):2588-2596.
作者姓名:杨凤军  李天来  臧忠婧  吴瑕
作者单位:1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319 ;2.沈阳农业大学园艺学院/省部共建教育部设施园艺重点实验室, 沈阳 110866
基金项目:本文由国家现代农业产业体系建设专项资金(CARS-25)和大庆市科技计划项目(szdfy-2015-19)资助
摘    要:为分析等渗盐分和水分胁迫对番茄叶片光合功能的影响,选用耐盐性不同的4种基因型番茄(小果型的辽园红玛瑙、野生醋栗番茄、大果型的金田粉冠、超402)进行等渗的140 mmol·L-1NaCl和15%PEG6000模拟盐分和水分胁迫.结果表明: 在光合特性方面,处理12 d后,两种胁迫导致4种不同基因型番茄的叶绿素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量)、光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾效率降低,气孔限制值升高.两种胁迫导致的光合下降由气孔性因素所致.等渗的盐分胁迫对番茄的光合系统损伤大于水分胁迫,这是因为盐分胁迫除了渗透胁迫还会导致离子伤害.4种不同基因型番茄中,耐盐型的辽园红玛瑙具有高光合特性,金田粉冠光合效率最差.在叶绿体超微结构方面,两种胁迫会造成番茄叶片的气孔密度增加,气孔张开率降低,叶绿体长度增加,宽度变小,长宽比增大,叶绿体内基粒数减少,嗜锇颗粒数增多.盐分胁迫下两种番茄叶绿体结构的影响大于水分胁迫,耐盐种醋栗番茄气孔变化小于盐敏感品种金田粉冠.

关 键 词:番茄  等渗盐胁迫  干旱胁迫  光合特性  叶绿体超微结构
收稿时间:2017-03-31

Effects of isotonic NaCl and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of tomato seedlings
YANG Feng-jun,LI Tian-lai,ZANG Zhong-jing,WU Xia.Effects of isotonic NaCl and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of tomato seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,28(8):2588-2596.
Authors:YANG Feng-jun  LI Tian-lai  ZANG Zhong-jing  WU Xia
Institution:;1.College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China ;2.College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Liaoning Province and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
Abstract:In order to analyze the effects of isotonic salt stress and water stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato leaves, four kinds of genotype tomatoes with different salt tolerance (small fruit type croton agate, wild currant tomato, large fruit type Jintian powder crown, and supernatant 402) were selected to conduct water and isotonic tolerance experiments under 140 mmol·L-1 NaCl and 15% PEG6000 simulating condition. The results showed that, 12 days after treatment, significant decreases in chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration efficiency were observed, and the value of stomatal limitation was increased. Stomatal factors might reduce the decline in photosynthesis under the two kinds of stresses. The damage of the photosynthetic system under isotonic salt stress was greater than that under water stress, because water stress resulted in osmotic stress and ion damage. Among the genotype tomatoes, the salt-tolerant Lantau red agate exhibited high photosynthetic characteristics, and Jindian powder crown had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency. For the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, both stress treatments increased the stomatal density of tomato leaves, but decreased the numbers of open stomata. The length of chloroplasts was increased, the width was decreased, and the length/width ratios of chloroplasts were increased. In addition, number of chloroplast grana was decreased and that of osmiophilic globules was increased. The effect of salt stress on the chloroplast structure was greater than that of water treatment. The change in stomata of salt-tolerant currant tomato was less than that of salt-sensitive cultivar.
Keywords:tomato  isotonic salt stress  drought stress  photosynthetic characteristic  chloroplast ultrastructure
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