浙江古田山常绿阔叶林演替序列研究:群落物种多样性

采用较为成熟的“空间差异代替时间变化”的研究方法,应用相邻格子样方法调查了16个典型样地,利用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson生态优势度指数计算了浙江古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林演替序列4种群落的物种多样性。结果表明,从针叶林到针阔叶混交林、木荷林和甜槠林的演替过程中,4种群落乔木层的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.9670、2.4975、2.6140和2.4356,呈现先增大后变小的趋势;灌木层物种多样性以针阔叶混交林最高,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.8625;针叶林的草本层Shannon-Wiener指数为1.5334,高于其它3种群落。在群落的垂直结构中,演替序列中的针叶林、针阔叶混交林、甜槠林物种多样性均表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层,而木荷林物种多样性大小则表现为乔木层>灌木层>草本层。演替过程中,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种多样性的变化幅度以草本层最大,H、JSW、JSI、D的变异系数分别为0.1572、0.0806、0.0899和0.1884;灌木层变化幅度最小,其H、JSWJ、SI、D的变异系数分别为0.0482、0.0385、0.0142和0.1553。

Species diversity in four saccessional communites of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutian Mountain, Zhe jiang Province

By the method of substituting spatial difference for time change,this paper studied the species diversity of 4 successional communities in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Sixteen typical plots were investigated and each plant in the contiguous grid quadrates was measured,with Shannon-Wiener index(H),Pielou index(J_(SW),J_(SI)) and Simpson index(D) determined.The results showed that the Shannon-Wiener index of coniferous forest,coniferous-broad leaf mixed forest,Schima superba forest and Castanopsis eyrei forest tree layers was 1.9670,2.4975,2.6140 and 2.4356,respectively,with a tendency from small to big and then to small in the course of succession.Among all successional communities,the species diversity of the shrub layer in coniferous-broad mixed forest was the biggest,with the Shannon-Wiener index 2.8625,while that of the herb layer in coniferous forest was the biggest,with the Shannon-Wiener index 1.5334.As for vertical structure,the species diversity of coniferous forest,coniferous-broad mixed forest and Castanopsis eyrei forest was all in the order of shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer,while that of Schima superba forest was in the order of tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer.During succession,herb layer had the biggest variation in species diversity,with the variation coefficient of H,J_(SW),J_(SI) and D being 0.1572,0.0806,0.0899 and 0.1884,respectively,while shrub layer had the smallest one,with the variation coefficient of H,J_(SW),J_(SI) and D only being 0.0482,0.0385,0.0142 and 0.1553,respectively.