基于TM的渤海海岸带1988～2000年生态环境变化

海岸带作为海陆之间的过渡地带,是全球生态环境最为复杂和特殊之处。研究海岸带土地利用变化对于了解该区域生态环境演变具有重要意义。利用1988和2000年的Landsat-TM数据,在GIS技术支持下,通过一系列空间分析,得到渤海海岸带土地利用/土地覆盖变化,结合社会经济统计资料分析该区域生态环境的动态变化情况及其驱动因素。结果表明,1988~2000年,由于渤海海岸带社会经济的快速发展,海岸带土地利用格局发生了巨大的变化。耕地大面积减少,城乡工矿用地、养殖池塘、盐田急剧扩张;林地、湿地等具有重要生态价值的土地类型面积显著下降。表明强烈的人类活动已经使自然生态系统受到破坏,渤海海岸带生态环境质量总体上呈现下降趋势。

Changes of eco-environment in Bohai coastal zone during 1988-2000: A study based on TM data

Coastal zone,as the transitional zone of ocean and continent,is the place with most complex and special ecological environment.Based on the Landsat-TM data in 1988 and 2000,by using RS and GIS techniques,and taking reference of related social-economic data,this paper studied the changes of land use and land cover in Bohai coastal area,their driving factors,and effects on eco-environment.The results showed that owing to the increasing population and the rapid development of social-economy,the land use pattern of this area changed dramatically.Cultivated land decreased in large scale,forestland and wetland that are of ecological significance decreased obviously,while the lands for urban and industrial use increased rapidly.These changes indicated that human activities greatly damaged the natural eco-system in Bohai coastal zone,resulting in the decline of its eco-environment quality.