松毛虫狭颊寄蝇实验种群生态学研究

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇(Carcelia matsukarehae)是松毛虫重要的寄生天敌之一,在控制松毛虫自然种群增长中起重要的作用.本文在15℃、18℃、22℃、25℃、29℃、32℃6个恒温,相对湿度为70%～85%,光照为12:12(L:D)的条件下研究了松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的生态学特性.结果表明,松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的世代发育起点温度是5.23℃,积温为523.73日·度,成虫寿命在没有补充营养的条件下为1.3～8.06d,喂以30%蜜糖水,寿命可以从9.63d延长到36.42d,成虫产卵的最适温度为23.6℃,每雌最大产量为86粒.种群增长最适温度22～25℃.以近似方法计算22℃和25℃下实验种群繁殖特征生命表参数,在22℃,R₀、T₀、r_c和λ值分别为24.89、37.33、0.086和1.089,在25℃时分别为20.01、32.38、0.09和1.10.22℃时种群最大L_xM_x出现在成虫羽化后第33～38天,25℃时的LxMx最大值出现在成虫羽化后第29～34天.

Experimental population ecology of Carcelia matsukarehae Shima (Diptera:Tachinidae)

This paper dealt with the developmental zero, effective accumulated temperature, adult longevity, adult fecundity and specific life table parameters of tachinid fly Carcelia matsukarehae at temperature 15℃, 18℃, 22℃, 25℃, 29℃, and 32℃, relative humidity 70%～85%, and photoperiod L:D=12:12. The results showed that the developmental zero and effective accumulated temperature for generation were 5.23℃ and 525.73 day-degree, respectively.The adult longevity was 1.35～8.06 days without supplying nutrient but water, and while fed with 30% honey water, their longevity could prolong to 9.63～36.42 days.The optimum temperature for oviposition was 23.6 ℃, maximum eggs laid by a female were 86.The optimum temperature for population growth was 22～25℃. The specific life table parameters of experimental population under temperature 22℃ and 25℃ were calculated. At 22℃, R₀,T₀,r_c and λ were 24.89, 37.33, 0.086 and 1.089, respectively, and at 25℃, they were 20.01, 32.38, 0.09 and 1.10, respectively. The maximum L_xM_x occurred from the 33rd day to the 38th day after adult emergence at temperature 22℃, and from the 29th day to the 34th day at 25℃.