根瘤菌菌剂的研究与开发现状

根瘤菌与豆科植物共生成为豆科植物固氮的重要方式,它可以为豆科植物提供所需氮量的1/2～1/3。因此,土壤中有效根瘤菌的数量是决定豆科植物产量的重要因素,而根瘤菌菌剂的使用可以有效地提高土壤中根瘤菌数量。本文从根瘤菌菌剂制备中高效菌种的选育及匹配、高密度菌剂的制备、菌剂保存方法等方面进行综述。比较了自然选育、杂交选育和诱变选育等各类选育方法及琼脂试管配对法和水培配对法的优缺点;总结了菌剂制备的一般过程和方法;论述了菌剂保藏过程中冷冻干燥法和各种保护剂的使用对菌剂保藏效果的影响。本文阐述了根瘤菌菌剂的制备工艺和发展方向,为根瘤菌剂的研制提供重要参考。

Rhizobium inoculants: Research progress and development status

Rhizobium-legumes symbiosis is an important way of legumes nitrogen fixation, which can provide 1/2-1/3 of nitrogen the legumes needed in their whole life. Therefore, the quantity of effective rhizobium in soil is an important decisive factor in legume production, while the use of rhizobium inoculants can effectively increase the quantity of rhizobium in soil. This paper reviewed the research progress and development status about the breeding and matching of highly effective rhizobium strains and the preparation and preservation of high-density rhizobium inoculants, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the breeding methods such as natural breeding, hybrid breeding, and mutation breeding, the agar matching methods, and the water culture matching methods, and summarized the general process and methods for inoculant preparation. The effects of various freezing-drying methods used in rhizobium inoculant preservation and of the applications of various protective agents on the preservation of rhizobium inoculants were also discussed. This review elaborated the preparation technology and the future development of rhizobium inoculants, which could provide a reference for the research and development of rhizobium inoculants.