莱州湾多毛类底栖动物生态特征及其对环境变化的响应

研究了2010年莱州湾15个站位的多毛类底栖动物群落生态特征及其对主要海水化学、沉积物环境变化的响应,并与1998年的相关研究进行了对比,以期对莱州湾生态质量现状进行健康评价。结果表明:与1998年相比,2010年底栖动物种类组成和生物多样性发生了较大的变化,底栖动物中绝对优势种为小头虫(Capitellacapitata)。夏季,H’与硝酸盐、石油类、重金属铅、铜、锌、铬呈负相关,说明多毛类动物多样性随着富营养化程度的提高而相应降低,营养物质氮的大量输入,重金属的污染,对莱州湾多毛类动物群落产生了一定负面影响。ABC曲线和BOPA指数结果显示,底栖动物的丰度优势度曲线高于生物量曲线,表明莱州湾底栖动物群落处于重度扰动状态,并且以小头虫为主的多毛类动物显著增加预示了莱州湾已经受到了一定程度的污染。加强海水养殖管理,合理利用海洋生物资源,对底栖动物群落的稳定性和环境的可持续利用具有重要意义。

Ecological characteristics of benthic polychaete community and its responses to environmental change in Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province of East China

This paper studied the ecological characteristics of benthic polychaete community and its responses to the sea water and sediment environmental variables at 15 sampling stations in Laizhou Bay in 2010,with the results obtained compared with those in 1998,aimed to give a health assessment on the present ecological quality status of the Bay.As compared with those in 1998,the polychaete species composition and biodiversity in 2010 had a greater change,and the dominant species was Capitella capitata.In summer,the Shannon index of the polychaete had significant negative correlations with the sea water and sediment nitrite,oil,Pb,Cu,Zn and Cr concentrations,suggesting that the diversity of polychaete community decreased with the increasing eutrophication in Laizhou Bay.The large input of nutrient nitrogen and the heavy metals pollution had definite negative effects on the polychaete community.The ABC curve and the BOPA index showed that the abundance curve was above the biomass curve,suggesting that the present macrobenthic community was heavily disturbed,while the significant increase of mainly C.capitata foreshowed the Bay having been polluted to some extant.To strengthen aquaculture management and to rationally use marine biological resources would have great significance for the stability of benthic fauna and the sustainable use of the sea environment.