环境污染对小清河口大型底栖动物多样性的影响

利用2008年7月小清河口和黄河口各8个站位的底栖动物调查资料,运用多种多样性指数对两河口底栖动物群落多样性特征进行了比较,并运用Spearman相关分析分析了14个环境因素和底栖动物群落多样性特征的相关关系。结果显示,小清河口共有大型底栖动物4门6纲17目35科37属38种,平均分类差异指数为85.7,分类差异变异指数为585.6,黄河口共有大型底栖动物6门9纲24目42科45属48种,平均分类差异指数为89.3,分类差异变异指数为435.8。小清河口的多样性指数(H’)仅约为黄河口的1/3。Spearman相关分析表明,H’与铵盐、硝酸盐、铜和汞含量呈负相关性,说明底栖动物群落多样性随着富营养化程度的提高而相应降低,营养物质氮的大量输入和重金属的污染对小清河口大型底栖动物群落产生了一定负面影响。ABC曲线法分析显示,小清河口底栖动物的丰度优势度曲线与生物量优势度曲线相交,表明小清河口底栖动物群落处于中度干扰状态;BOPA指数显示,小清河口8个站位中有4个站位受到不同程度的环境污染,生活污水和工业废水的排放可能对小清河口底栖动物生态特征带来巨大影响,加强工业和生活污水排放管理,强化清洁生产,加强工业污染源的治理力度,对恢复小清河流域水质、改善生态环境具有重要意义。

Impacts of environmental pollution on macrobenthos diversity in Xiaoqing estuary of Shandong Province, East China

Based on the investigation data of the benthos at 8 sampling locations in Xiaoqing estuary and at 8 locations in Yellow River estuary in July 2008, a comparative study was made on the diversity characteristics (species composition, biodiversity pattern, and stability) of the benthic communities in the two estuaries by using various diversity indices, and analyzed the relationships between the diversity characteristics and 14 water environmental variables by adopting Spearman correlation analysis. In Xiaoqing estuary, a total of 38 macrobenthos species were recorded, belonging to 4 phyla, 6 classes, 17 orders, 35 families, and 37 genera, with the value of average taxonomic distinctness being 85.7 and that of the variation in taxonomic distinctness being 585.6. In Yellow River estuary, there were 48 species of macrobenthos in total, belonging to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 24 orders, 42 families, and 45 genera, with the value of average taxonomic distinctness being 89.3 and that of the variation in taxonomic distinctness being 435.8. The Shannon index (H′) of the macrobenthos in Xiaoqing estuary was lower, only one-third of that in Yellow River estuary. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the H′ had significant negative correlations with the water body’s ammonium, nitrate, Cu, and Hg contents, suggesting that the diversity of benthic communities in Xiaoqing estuary decreased with increasing eutrophication, and the large input of nutrient nitrogen and heavy metals pollution had definite negative impacts on the macrobenthos community in the estuary. The abundance biomass comparison (ABC) curve and the W-statistic value generated by PRIMER software showed that the abundance curves were intersection with the biomass curve in Xiaoqing estuary, indicating that the present benthic communities in the estuary were moderately disturbed. The benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods (BOPA) index indicated that the 4 stations in Xiaoqing estuary had suffered different degrees of environmental pollution. The discharge of sewage and industrial wastewater could bring great impact on the ecological characteristics of the benthic communities in Xiaoqing estuary, and thus, it was of significance to improve the management of industrial and domestic sewage discharge, intensify clean production, and strengthen the governance of industrial pollution sources to restore the water quality and improve the ecological environment of Xiaoqing estuary.