森林生态价值估算方法研究进展

森林生态效益的重要性日益显现,科学家和各国政府都在关注森林生态价值估算,促进了森林生态价值估算方法的日渐成熟。本文总结了近年来国内外森林生态价值的估算方法,将目前常用的估算方法分为市场类估算法、能值估算法、软件模型法3大类,同时分析了前2种常用方法中存在的替代法的合理性有待验证、忽略多重标准的森林管理策略、欠缺考虑周围影响因素、多种生态价值重复计算以及估算中欠缺考虑稀缺性的局限;其次,重点介绍了能较好解决以上问题的GUMBO、CITYgreen和Invest等软件的特点和优势;最后,在总结当前估算方法研究的基础上,提出中国森林生态估算工作未来的研究方向是深化对森林生态结构和功能关系的认识,提高国外估算方法的适用性,加强生态补偿工作对估算方法的反馈。

Methods for forest eco-service value evaluation:A review

The significance of forest ecological benefits is increasingly emerging,and the scientists and governments in the world are paying attentions to the evaluation of forest eco-service value,which promotes the growing up of related methods.This paper summarized the research progress on the methodologies of evaluating forest eco-service value,and classified the related commonly used methods into three types,i.e.,market-based methods,energy-accounting methods,and software model methods.The first two methods still have some limitations.They are deficient in checking the rationality of substitution method,ignore the multi-criteria in forest ecosystem management,lack of considering surrounding affecting factors,doubly count a variety of ecological values,and lose sight of the scarcity in eco-service value.To overcome these limitations,this paper introduced the features and superiorities of software GUMB,CITYgreen,and Invest.Based on the review,the research directions for China forest eco-service value evaluation in the future were put forward:1) further explore the relationships between forest ecosystem structure and function,2) improve the applicability of related foreign evaluation methods,and 3) undertake more studies on the feedback from eco-compensation.