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干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响
引用本文:付晓青,李勇.干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):724-730.
作者姓名:付晓青  李勇
作者单位:南京农业大学, 南京 210095
基金项目:中国科学院“百人计划”和国家自然科学基金项目(41171200)资助
摘    要:采用水培试验方法,以2个耐旱性不同的小麦品种(敏感型望水白和耐旱型洛旱7号)为材料,研究了干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系形态、生理特性以及叶片光合作用的影响,以期揭示小麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应机制.结果表明: 干旱胁迫下,2个小麦品种幼苗的根系活力显著增大,而根数和根系表面积受到抑制;干旱胁迫降低了望水白的叶片相对含水量,提高了束缚水/自由水,而对洛旱7号无显著影响;干旱胁迫降低了2个小麦品种叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度,但随胁迫时间的延长,洛旱7号的叶绿素含量和净光合速率与对照差异不显著;干旱胁迫降低了2个小麦品种幼苗的单株叶面积,以及望水白的根系、地上部和植株生物量,而对洛旱7号无显著影响.水分胁迫下,耐旱型品种可以通过提高根系活力、保持较高的根系生长量来补偿根系吸收面积的下降,保持较高的根系吸水能力,进而维持较高的光合面积和光合速率,缓解干旱对生长的抑制.

关 键 词:小麦  干旱胁迫  耐旱性  光合作用  根系

Spatiotemporal variability of soil nitrous oxide emission and its study methods: A review
FU Xiao-qing , LI Yong.Spatiotemporal variability of soil nitrous oxide emission and its study methods: A review[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(3):724-730.
Authors:FU Xiao-qing  LI Yong
Institution:Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
Abstract:Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the greenhouse gases with great potential of increasing temperature, and its concentration in atmosphere continues to rise steadily. Terrestrial ecosystems, especially agro-ecosystem, are one of the important sources of N2O emission. The soil N2O emission of terrestrial ecosystems not only shows great temporal variability, but also has strong spatial variability. To investigate the spatial variability of soil N2O emission under different land uses is of significance to accurately estimate the soil total N2O emission at regional scale. Based on the comprehensive analysis on the spatial variability of soil N2O emission, this paper expatiated the main driving factors of soil N2O emission, such as climate, topography, soil properties, and human activities, and summarized the characteristics of the spatial variability of soil N2O emission of different terrestrial ecosystems and related study methods. It would be necessary to unceasingly improve and develop related methods, and use innovative methods such as wavelets method for studying the spatial variability of soil N2O emission, integrating the temporal dimension. In addition, more attention should be paid to the spatiotemporal variability of soil N2O emission of different land use types, and to the accuracy of the estimation of soil total N2O emission.
Keywords:nitrous oxide  spatiotemporal variability  driving factor  study method  
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