干旱对东北春玉米生长发育和产量的影响

选取玉米品种丹玉39为供试材料，利用大型农田水分控制试验场，采用大田池栽方式，在玉米三叶-拔节期、拔节-吐丝期、吐丝-乳熟期分别开展中度干旱胁迫及复水控制对比试验，分析3个关键生育时期干旱胁迫对春玉米生长发育和产量的影响.结果表明：与水分适宜对照（CK）相比，三叶-拔节期遭受干旱胁迫后，全生育期推迟13 d，至拔节普遍期，株高偏低29.8%，叶面积偏小41.2%，复水后，株高和产量得到较大程度恢复，果穗性状和最终产量差异不大；拔节-吐丝期遭受干旱胁迫后，全生育期缩短7 d，至吐丝普遍期，株高偏低18.6%，叶面积偏小14.1%，果穗长、穗粒数、果穗干质量、穗粒质量分别下降6.9%、19.1%、28.1%和29.4%，空秆率增加13.3%；吐丝-乳熟期遭受干旱胁迫后，全生育期缩短15 d，生长至乳熟普遍期，株高偏低2.3%，叶面积偏小37.3%，果穗长、穗粒数、果穗干质量、穗粒质量分别下降9.2%、24.1%、30.8%和27.9%，空秆率增加24.5%.拔节-吐丝期、吐丝-乳熟期干旱胁迫处理并复水后，玉米株高恢复不明显，产量降幅显著.

Impacts of drought stress on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China.

Taking spring maize variety Danyu 39 as test object, an  experiment was conducted in a large scale agricultural water controlling experimental field to study the impacts of drought stress at three key growth stages, i.e., 3 leaf-jointing, jointing silking, and silking milk ripe, on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China. Two treatments were installed, including moderate drought stress (MS) and re watering to suitable water (CK). Compared with CK, the MS at 3-leaf-jointing stage postponed the whole growth period of Danyu 39 by 13 d, and the plant height and leaf area at jointing stage were decreased by 29.8% and 41.2%, respectively. After re-watering, the plant height and grain yield recovered obviously, and the differences in ear characteristics and final yield were insignificant. The MS at jointing silking stage shortened the whole growth period by 7 d, the plant height and leaf area at silking stage were decreased by 18.6% and 14.1%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear, ear dry mass, and grain mass per ear decreased by 6.9%, 19.1%, 28.1%, and 29.4%, respectively, and the blank stem rate increased by 13.3%. When the maize suffered from moderate drought stress at silking-milk ripe stage, the whole growth period was shortened by 15 d, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage were decreased by 2.3% and 37.3%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear, ear dry mass, and grain mass per ear decreased by 9.2%, 24.1%, 30.8%, and 27.9%, respectively, and the blank stem rate increased by 24.5%. After re-watering at the latter two stages, the recovery of plant height was little, and the grain yield decreased significantly.