二甲基硅油的环境行为与生态效应研究进展

二甲基硅油(polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)广泛应用于工业产品、医药保健品和个人护理品中.PDMS在污水处理过程中几乎不被生物降解，主要随剩余污泥排放进入环境，仅有少量PDMS吸附在悬浮固体或污泥颗粒表面随污水排放进入水体和沉积物中.现有研究表明，PDMS在沉积物中较难迁移和降解；而在不同类型土壤中均可以降解.PDMS对水生态系统风险较低，对底栖生物的急性毒性也不明显；在土壤环境中，PDMS及其降解产物对土壤微生物、土壤动物及农作物的生长和活动没有显著的影响.根据目前为数不多的研究，PDMS及其降解产物在各种环境中的生态毒性都较小，但随着PDMS产量和使用量的快速增长，其在环境中的含量呈快速上升趋势，有必要进一步明确PDMS对环境的潜在威胁.

Environmental behavior and ecological effect of polydimethylsiloxane: A review.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in industrial products, medical and health care products, and personal care products. In the treatment process of sewage, PDMS can be hardly biodegraded but enter the environment mainly through the discharge of excess sludge, and only a small amount of PDMS adsorbed on the suspended solids or sludge particle surface is discharged into water body and sediment with treated sewage. There is no enough evidence to verify that PDMS can vertically migrate in sediment. The degradation of PDMS in sediment is very slow, but PDMS can be degraded in different types of soils. PDMS has less risk to aquatic ecosystem, and no apparent acute toxicity to benthos. In soil environment, PDMS and its degradation products have no significant effects on the soil microorganisms, soil animals, and crops. Though a few studies indicated that PDMS and its degradation products have relatively low ecological toxicity in various environments, it is still very important to clarify the potential threat of PDMS to the environment because of the increasingly large number of PDMS being produced and used.