土壤类型与作物基因型对花生籽实镉积累的影响

以花生主产区的棕壤和潮土为供试土壤,以种植面积最大的白沙1016、花育22和湛油27基因型花生(Arachis hypogaea)为供试作物,采用不添加Cd(对照)和添加Cd(1.5 mg·kg^-1)处理进行盆栽试验,研究土壤类型和作物基因型对花生籽实Cd积累的影响.结果表明：两种土壤对照处理的3种基因型花生籽实Cd含量均低于国家食品安全标准,而Cd处理下均高于食品安全标准. 同种土壤Cd处理3种基因型花生籽实Cd含量显著高于对照,不同基因型间表现为湛油27＞白沙1016＞花育22,棕壤花生籽实Cd含量及总量均高于潮土. 对照处理3种基因型花生籽实Cd生物富集系数均大于1.0,Cd处理下多小于1.0,表明花生籽实对土壤中Cd的累积能力较强,土壤Cd含量进一步增加时,其生物富集能力降低.

Effects of soil type and crop genotype on cadmium accumulation in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) kernels.

Taking burozem and fluvo-aquic soil in the main peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production areas of China as test soil types and selecting three widely cultivated peanut genotypes Baisha 1016, Huayu 22, and Zhanyou 27 as test crops, a pot experiment with no Cd addition (control) and added with 1.5 mg·kg-1 of Cd was conducted to elucidate the effects of soil type and crop genotype on the cadmimum (Cd) accumulation in peanut kernels. In the control, the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes growing on the two soil types were lower than the national food safety standard. In treatment Cd addition, the opposite was observed. For the same soil types, the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes were significantly higher in treatment Cd addition than in the control. The Cd accumulation in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes was in the order of Zhanyou 27＞Baisha 1016＞Huayu 22, and the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the peanut genotypes growing on the two soil types were higher on burozem than on fluvo-aquic soil. The values of the Cd bioaccumulation factor for the kernels of the three peanut genotypes were all higher than 1.0 in the control but lower than 1.0 in treatment Cd addition, suggesting that the peanut kernels had a stronger ability in accumulating the Cd from soil, and, when the soil Cd concentration increased, this ability decreased.