西部资源型城市生态安全评价与对策——以铜川市为例

随着社会经济的持续高速增长,生态安全问题也日益突出,对于我国西部干旱半干旱区的资源型城市,生态安全问题更为严峻。本文以陕西省铜川市为研究区域,运用层次分析法,基于自然环境系统、人文社会压力和环境污染压力3个综合指标层建立评价体系,对铜川市生态安全进行定量的评价和分析。结果表明,铜川市生态安全值由1997年的0.5397上升到2002年的0.5541,生态安全有所好转,但处于较差状态;自然环境和人文社会对环境的压力减少,但环境污染压力上升。最后提出铜川市生态安全的对策:改变生产方式,发展循环经济;减轻污染负荷,借鉴先进经验;合理利用水资源,实施生态工程;加强政府干预力度,建立预警机制;提高人们的生态安全意识。

Ecological safety assessment and countermeasures of resources-based cities in West China: A case study of Tongchuan City

With rapid development of society and economy,more and more problems on ecological safety stand out,especially for the mineral resources-based cities in arid and semiarid regions of West China.By using analytical hierarchy process(AHP) and establishing an assessment system based on natural environment system,human society pressure,and environment pollution pressure,this paper quantitatively assessed the ecological safety in Tongchuan City of Shannxi Province.The results showed that the ecological safety in Tongchuan was improvied,with the safety value increasing from 0.5397 in 1997 to 0.5541 in 2002,but remained in a poor state.The pressure on environment put by natural and human factors was decreased,while environment pollution was increased.Some advices on the ecological safety in Tongchuan City were put forward,i.e.,transforming production modes and develop circular economy,decreasing environment pollution and use advanced experiences for reference, utilizing water resource rationally and implement ecological project,strengthening governments supervision and establish early-warning mechanism,and to changing people's mind in ecological safety.