生态安全评价研究述评

生态安全评价是可持续发展研究的一个新领域,也是建立生态安全预警系统及进行环境管理的基础。首先介绍了与生态安全评价相关的几个概念:生态风险评价、生态系统健康评价、生态系统服务功能评价及生态承载力分析,进而对当前生态安全评价的指标体系进行了评述,并在此基础上总结了国内外生态安全评价的方法,包括数学模型法、生态模型法、景观生态学法及数字地面模型法;最后,提出在评价实践中存在的问题及今后发展的3个方向,静态的现状评价转向动态的预测和预警、与现代科学技术相结合、与基础理论相结合。

Research review on ecological security assessment

Ecological security assessment is a new research field of sustainable development,and the basis of ecological security warning system construction and environment management.This paper introduced the concepts of ecological security assessment,including ecosystem health assessment,ecological risk assessment,ecosystem service assessment and ecological carrying capacity,summarized the current assessment indicator systems,and analyzed the evaluation methods,which include mathematical model method,ecological model method,landscape ecological method,and digital terrain model method.Problems in practice were put forward,and hot topics in future were mentioned,e.g.,transition from static assessment to dynamic prediction and warning,combination of the assessment with modern science and technology,and with basic theories.