景观组成、结构和梯度格局对植物多样性的影响

植物多样性作为生物多样性研究的主要内容,一直以来受到广泛关注。近20年来,随着景观生态学的兴起和地理信息技术的发展,景观生态学与岛屿生物地理学、异质种群理论相结合,在植物多样性的保护和利用研究中得到运用。本文就在这3个理论的基础上,简述了景观组成(斑块、廊道、基质)、景观结构(斑块面积、边缘、隔离程度)和梯度格局(海拔、演替、土壤养分、干扰)对植物多样性的影响,强调了地理信息技术应用的重要性和景观层次上进行植物多样性研究的必要性。因此,在多个尺度上共同研究多个影响因子对植物多样性的复合作用,利于进一步揭示植物多样性的变化过程及其机制,有利于植物多样性的保护和利用。

Effects of landscape composition, structure and gradient pattern on plant diversity

Plant diversity is an important research content of biodiversity.With the development of landscape ecology and GIS,the theories of landscape ecology,meta-population,and island biogeography were applied jointly in the protection and utilization of plant diversity in past 20 years.Based on these theories,this paper discussed the effects of landscape composition(patch,corridor,and matrix),its structure(patch area,edge,and isolation),and its patterns along environmental gradient(altitude,succession,soil nutrients,and disturbance) on plant diversity,with the focus on the significance of GIS application and the necessity of plant diversity research in landscape scale.To study the combined effects of multi-factors on plant diversity in multi-scale could be helpful to the research of plant diversity change and its related mechanisms,and to the protection and utilization of plant diversity.