北京山区森林植被中珍稀濒危草本植物生态位

基于北京山区有珍稀濒危草本植物分布的38块森林群落样地调查数据,对北京山区的野大豆(Glycine soja)、大花杓兰(Cypripedium macranthum)、沼兰(Malaxis monophyllos)、角盘兰(Herminium monorchis)、草芍药(Paeonia obovata)、二叶舌唇兰(Platanthera chlorantha)和羊耳蒜(Liparis japonica)等7种珍稀濒危草本植物进行了生态位宽度和生态位重叠计算与分析.结果表明:野大豆的生态位宽度值较大,为0.297;大花杓兰、沼兰和角盘兰同属于兰科植物,生态位宽度值较小,说明兰科植物在北京地区分布较少,并且仅在几种森林群落类型中有分布,适宜生存的生境较少,急需优先保护.生态位宽度较大的种群对资源利用能力较强,与其它物种的生态位重叠一般较大;生境要求相似的物种间生态位重叠较大.

Niches of rare and endangered herbage species in forest vegetations of Beijing mountainous region

Based on the investigation of 38 forest plots in Beijing mountainous region, the niche breadth and overlap of seven rare and endangered herbage plants Glycine soja, Cypripedium macranthum, Malaxis monophyllos, Herminium monorchis, Paeonia obovata, Platanthera chlorantha and Liparis japonica were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that G. soja had a wider niche breadth (0.297), while C. macranthum, M. monophyllos and H. monorchis belonging to Orchidaceae had a narrower one, indicating that rare and endangered Orchidaceae plants had a less distribution in Beijing mountainous region, and only distributed in several types of forest vegetation communities. Due to the lack of suitable habits, these herbage species were in dire need of prior conservation. In general, the species with wide niche breadth had stronger capability of using resources, and the niche overlaps between them and other species were larger, with the same phenomena observed among the species with similar environmental requirements.