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动物的易绝灭特征与保护优先性
引用本文:刘学聪,李义明.动物的易绝灭特征与保护优先性[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):161-166.
作者姓名:刘学聪  李义明
作者单位:中国科学院动物研究所,北京,100080
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046805),中国科学院知识创新前沿资助项目(KSCX3-IOZ-02和KSCX2-SW-118)
摘    要:各种人为干扰和自然因素促使大量物种走向濒危和绝灭。物种濒危和绝灭不是随机的。具有某些特征的物种容易濒危和绝灭 ,即易绝灭特征。易绝灭特征包括个体大 ,繁殖力低 ,扩散能力弱 ,营养级高 ,家域大 ,种群小 ,种群波动大 ,分布范围窄 ,种群密度低 ,栖息地特化程度高和特殊栖息地类型等。研究物种的易绝灭特征可以为生物多样性提供预防性 (proac tive)的优先保护措施。尽管物种的易绝灭特征已经用于实际的物种保护中 ,然而由于物种的各种特征对物种濒危和绝灭的影响十分复杂 ,各个易绝灭特征还有待于进一步深入的、准确的研究。探讨适合不同类群和不同地区物种的易绝灭特征是十分必要的。由于特殊地史发育、中医药传统和边境频繁的非法野生动物贸易 ,我国动物的濒危模式可能与国外有所不同。

关 键 词:易绝灭特征  保护优先性  非随机性绝灭  预防性保护
文章编号:1000-4890(2004)06-0161-06
修稿时间:2003年12月21

Extinction-prone attributes and conservation priorities of animals
LIU Xuecong,LI Yiming.Extinction-prone attributes and conservation priorities of animals[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(6):161-166.
Authors:LIU Xuecong  LI Yiming
Abstract:Many species have become endangered and extinct because of natural and factitious factors.Species endangerment and extinction does not occur at random ecologically.The species with some attributes,called extinction-prone attributes,are at high risk of extinction.The attributes can include:large body size,low reproductive capacity,low dispersal ability,high trophic level,large home range,small population size,high temporal population variability,small geographical range,low population density,high sqecialization level of habitat,specific habitat,etc.Studies on extinction-prone attributes of animals can provide proactive conservation strategies for biodiversity.Although some extinction-prone attributes of species have already been used for ranking conservation priority of species,most hypothesises need further precise and in-depth studies,because the effects that these attributes are on endangerment and extinction of species are very complicated.It is essential to probe into the extinction-prone attributes of different taxa and different regions species.The endangered patterns of animals in China may differ from those abroad for unique geographical and historical development,traditional chinese medicines (TCM),and frequent illegal wildlife trade through the national border.
Keywords:extinction-prone attribute  conservation priority  nonrandom extinction  proactive conservation  
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