湿地中的植物入侵及湿地植物的入侵性

湿地享有“自然之肾”之称,但湿地生态系统正在受到严重的破坏,植物入侵已经成为干扰湿地生态系统的重要因素。同时湿地植物具有高度的入侵性,湿地和植物入侵都是现代生态学的研究热点。本文总结分析了湿地容易受到入侵的6种主要原因,包括湿地生境类型多样,分布广泛;湿地位置与植物扩散路线相关性;干扰;富营养化;湿地的脆弱性;外来种缺少天敌等。归纳了21种全球性主要湿地入侵植物种及其生态习性,并对湿地植物具有高度入侵性的共同特点以及解释湿地入侵现象的5种假说:天敌逃避说、宽耐受性假说、有效利用说、杂种优势说和异株克生说等作了综述分析。

Plant invasion in wetland and invasiveness of wetland plants

Wetland is viewed as the "Kidney of the Nature",while wetland ecosystem is being destroyed seriously.In the disturbance of wetland ecosystem,plant invasion has become the main factor,and wetland plants have higher invasiveness.Therefore,wetland and plant invasion are the hotpots in modern ecological study.We summarized the main reasons why wetlands are more easily invaded,e.g.,diversity and wide distribution of wetland habitats,relativity of wetland's location with plant seed's diffusion routes,disturbance,eutrophication,frangibility of wetland,and lack of natural enemies;introduced 21 worldwide plant species with higher invasiveness in wetland and their ecological behaviors;and analyzed five hypotheses about the plant invasion in wetland,i.e.,natural enemy's evasion,broader tolerance,efficient use,heterosis,and allelopathy.