温带半干旱地区不同管理水平下草坪杂草发生特征的比较研究

2000～2002年对呼和浩特地区不同草坪的杂草种类组成及其危害进行了调查,发现在3个不同管理水平的草坪中共出现80种杂草植物,其中管理水平较差、中等、较好的草坪分别有67种、37种和36种杂草,以菊科、豆科、禾本科植物占优势,不同草坪杂草群落的生活型谱有明显差异.根据危害度指数把草坪杂草分为极度、重度、中度、轻度、弱度危害5个等级,极度和重度危害杂草在管理水平较差、中等、较好的草坪中的种类比例分别为11.95%、21.63%和22.22%;在管理水平较差草坪中,极度危害杂草是早开堇菜和止血马唐,春季和秋季以早开堇菜的危害为主,夏季以止血马唐为主;在管理水平中等草坪中,极度危害杂草是赖草和止血马唐,赖草的高危害期在春秋季节,夏季以止血马唐为主要危害杂草;在管理水平较好的草坪中,极度危害杂草是鼠掌老鹳草、鹅绒委陵菜、赖草、欧亚旋复花,其中鼠掌老鹳草的危害度在整个生长季中占绝对优势.

Occurrence characteristics of turf weeds under different management levels in temperate semi-arid region

In this paper, an investigation was made on the species composition of turf weeds under three management levels in Hohhot during 2000--2002. The results showed that there were 80 species in total, with 67, 37 and 36 species under lower, medium and higher management levels, respectively. Compositae, Legumiosae and Gramine were the dominant families, and the biological spectrum of weed communities were differed with turfs. Based on the index of harm degree, the turf weeds could be classified into five degrees, i. e., extreme, heavy, medium, light and weak. Under lower, medium and higher management levels, the extremely and heavily harm turf weed species occupied 11.95 %, 21.63 % and 22.22 %, respectively. The extremely harm weed species included Viola prionantha , Digitaria ischaemum and Le3mtus secalinus , Viola prionantha and Gera- nium sibiricum, Potentilla anserine, L. secalinus and Inula britanica, respectively in the three management levels. V. prionantha, L. secalinus were the dominant species in spring and autumn, and D. ischaemum in summer. G. sibiricum was the dominant species in whole season.