减氮配施不同种类有机肥对玉米物质分配、转运与产量的影响

为倡导减量施用化学氮肥,探索科学施肥模式,以达到绿色、稳产、高产的种植目标,通过田间试验,以空白处理(CK0)、常规施氮(CK1)为对照,设置减氮比例和配施有机肥两因素试验,减氮比例设减氮20%(A1)、减氮40%(A2);配施有机肥设:不配施有机肥(B0)、配施普通有机肥(B1)、配施生物有机肥(B2),研究了减氮配施不同种类有机肥对玉米物质积累分配、转运及产量的影响,为玉米化学氮肥减量增效技术提供科学依据。结果表明:随化学氮肥施用量的减少,玉米干物质积累量及产量降低;配施有机肥显著提高了干物质积累量、籽粒分配比例、吐丝后干物质对籽粒的贡献率和产量;减氮20%配施普通有机肥、生物有机肥处理较不配施有机肥处理,两年干物质积累量平均分别提高了31.38%和46.29%(P<0.05);产量分别提高了19.57%和23.78%,较常规施氮处理产量分别提高了7.15%和10.95%;减氮40%配施普通有机肥、生物有机肥处理较不配施有机肥处理,两年干物质积累量平均分别提高了19.68%和35.13%;产量分别提高了6.33%和7.48%(P<0.05),而产量较常规施氮处理分别降低了10.42%和9.44%(P<0.05);适量减氮并配施有机肥可促进玉米物质积累,改善穗部性状,最终提高产量;本试验条件下,配施1500 kg·hm^-2有机肥可实现化学氮肥减量20%并使玉米增产,且配施生物有机肥增产效果最好。

Effects of reducing nitrogen combined with application of different types of organic fertilizers on dry matter allocation,transport,and yield of maize

To advocate for reduced use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and explore scientific fertilization patterns and finally to achieve the planting goals of green,stable and high yield,an experiment with two factors of nitrogen reduction ratio and organic fertilizer application were conducted for two years,with blank treatment(CK0)and routine nitrogen application rate(CK1)as two controls.There were two levels of nitrogen reduction ratios,20%(A1)and 40%(A2),and three levels of organic fertilizer,without organic fertilizer(B0),common organic fertilizer(B1),and bio-organic fertilizer(B2).We examined the effects of nitrogen reduction with application of different organic fertilizers on the accumulation,allocation,and transport of dry matter and on the yield of maize.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter and maize yield decreased with decreasing nitrogen application.Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased dry matter accumulation,allocation ratio in grain,contribution rate of dry matter to grains after silking,and yield.Treatments A1B1and A1B2increased dry matter accumulation in two years on average by 31.38%and 46.29%,and yield by 19.57%,23.78%,respectively(P<0.05),compared with A1B0;and increased yield by 7.15%and 10.95%,respectively,compared with CK1.Treatments A2B1and A2B2increased dry matter accumulation in two years on average by 19.68%and 35.13%,and yield by 6.33%and 7.48%(P<0.05),respectively,compared with A2B0;while decreased yield by 10.42%and 9.44%,respectively,compared with CK1.Appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with application of organic fertilizer could improve dry matter accumulation,improve panicle traits,and ultimately increase yield of maize.In this study,application of 1500 kg·hm^-2organic fertilizer with 20%reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased maize yield,which shows the best effect of bio-organic fertilizer application on the yield.