丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗生长和根系防御性酶活性的影响

在温室盆栽条件下，研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)对连作土壤中西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗生长、根系膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和防御性酶活性的影响.结果表明： 接种AM真菌能显著增加西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗的生物量，提高根系活力，降低根系膜透性和MDA含量.接种AM真菌的自根苗地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量和根系活力分别增加了57.6%、60.0%和142.1%，而接种AM真菌的嫁接苗分别增加了26.7%、28.0%和11.0%；自根苗（C）、嫁接苗（G）、接种AM真菌自根苗（C+M）和接种AM真菌嫁接苗（G+M）的根系细胞膜透性为C>G>C+M>G+M，根系MDA含量为C>G>G+M>C+M.接种AM真菌能提高西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗根系的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、几丁质酶和β 1,3 葡聚糖酶活性，而且接种AM真菌的西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗根系POD、PAL和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的峰值比不接种的提前2周出现.接种AM真菌能激活西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗与抗逆性有关的防御性酶反应，使根系对逆境产生快速反应，从而提高其抗连作障碍的能力.

Population dynamics of aphids in potato fields in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme on the seedling growth and root membrane permeability, malondiadehyde (MDA) content, and defensive enzyme activities of non-grafted and grafted watermelon growing on the continuously cropped soil. Inoculation with G. versiforme increased the seedling biomass and root activity significantly, and decreased the root membrane permeability and MDA content. The seedling shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and root activity of non-grafted watermelon increased by 57.6%, 60.0% and 142.1%, and those of grafted watermelon increased by 26.7%, 28.0% and 11.0%, respectively,  compared with no G. versiforme inoculation. The root membrane permeability of non-grafted seedlings (C), grafted seedlings (G), non grafted seedlings inoculated with G. versiforme (C+M), and grafted seedlings inoculated with G. versiforme (G+M) was in the order of C>G>C+M>G+M, and the root MDA content was in the sequence of C>G>G+M>C+M. G. versiforme inoculation increased the root phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities of grafted and non-grafted seedlings significantly, and the peaks of the POD, PAL and β-1,3-glucanase activities in the mycorrhizal roots appeared about two weeks earlier than those in the non-inoculated roots. These results indicated that inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G. versiforme could activate the defensive enzyme activities of non grafted and grafted watermelon seedlings, enable the seedling roots to produce rapid response to adversity, and thus, improve the capability of watermelon seedling against continuous cropping obstacle.