1953-2011年小兴安岭森林火灾含碳气体排放的估算

根据1953-2011年小兴安岭森林调查数据和森林火灾统计资料,结合野外火烧迹地调查与室内控制试验数据,估算了小兴安岭1953-2011年森林火灾的碳排放量和含碳气体排放量.结果表明: 1953-2011年小兴安岭森林火灾的总碳排放量为1.12×10⁷ t,年均排放量为1.90×10⁵ t,约占全国年均森林火灾碳排放量的1.7%;其中,含碳气体CO₂、CO、CH₄和非甲烷烃(NMHC)的排放量分别为3.39×10⁷、1.94×10₅、1.09×10⁵和7.46×10⁴ t,相应年均排放量5.74×10⁵、3.29×10⁴、1.85×10³、1.27×10³ t分别占全国年均森林火灾含碳气体排放量的1.4%、1.2%、1.7%和1.1%.不同林型的燃烧效率和单位过火面积的碳排放量均为针叶林＞阔叶林＞针阔混交林.最后提出了合理的林火管理措施.

Estimation of carbonaceous gases emission from forest fires in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China in 1953-2011.

Based on the forest resources investigation data and the forest fire inventory in 1953-2011, in combining with our field research in burned areas and our laboratory experiments, this paper estimated the carbonaceous gases carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emission from the forest fires in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China in 1953-2011. The total carbon emission from the forest fires in the Xiao Xing’an Mountains in 1953-2011 was 1.12×107 t, and the annual emission was averagely 1.90×105 t, accounting for 1.7% of the annual average total carbon emission from the forest fires in China. The emission of CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC was 3.39×107, 1.94×105, 1.09×105, and 7.46×104 t, respectively, and the corresponding annual average emission was 5.74×105, 3.29×104, 1.85×103, and 1.27×103 t, accounting for 1.4%, 1.2%, 1.7%, and 1.1% of the annual carbonaceous gases emitted from the forest fires in China, respectively. The combustion efficiency and the carbon emission per unit burned area of different forest types decreased in order of coniferous forest > broad leaved forest > coniferous broadleaved mixed forest. Some rational forest fire management measures were put forward.