山东省花生主产区土壤和花生籽粒中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征

在山东省四大花生主产区采集耕层土壤(0～20 cm)和花生籽粒,应用气相色谱测定样品中美国国家环保署(EPA)优先控制的6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)化合物的含量.结果表明: 山东省花生主产区土壤中6种PAEs化合物累计(∑PAEs)含量范围为0.34～2.81 mg·kg^-1,平均含量为1.22 mg·kg^-1;四大花生主产区土壤∑PAEs含量为：鲁中南山区＞鲁西平原＞胶东半岛＞鲁北平原;与美国土壤PAEs控制标准相比,山东省四大花生主产区土壤中的邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DBP)超标严重.花生籽粒中∑PAEs含量范围为0.17～0.66 mg·kg^-1,平均含量为0.34 mg·kg^-1,低于美国和欧洲的建议指标,健康风险很小.邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和DBP在土壤和花生籽粒中占∑PAEs的百分比、检出率均较高,是主要的污染物组分.覆膜种植模式下土壤和花生籽粒中的∑PAEs显著高于露地种植模式.花生籽粒和土壤中的∑PAEs、DBP及DEHP存在显著正相关性,Pearson相关系数分别为0.786、0.747和0.511.

Distribution characteristics of phthalic acid esters in soils and peanut kernels in main peanut producing areas of Shandong Province,China.

Surface soil (0-20 cm) and peanut kernel samples were collected in four main peanut producing areas of Shandong Province, and the contents of six PAEs chemicals that classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The results indicated that the total concentration of six PAEs (∑PAEs) ranged from 0.34 to 2.81 mg·kg-1, and the mean was 1.22 mg·kg-1. In four different areas, the order of ∑PAEs concentration in soil was hilly area of middle southern Shandong > western plain of Shandong > Jiaodong Peninsula > northern plain of Shandong. The concentration of DBP in four main peanut producing areas of Shandong Province seriously exceeded the control limit in USA. The content of ∑PAEs ranged from 0.17 to 0.66 mg·kg-1 in peanut kernels, with the average value 0.34 mg·kg-1 which was less than the suggested targets in USA and Europe and of low health risk. DEHP and DBP were the main components of PAEs both in soils and peanut kernels, with higher percentage content and detection rate. The ∑PAEs contents in soils or peanut kernels under plastic mulching were significantly higher than that of open field cultivation pattern. The PAEs concentrations in peanut kernels and soils had significant correlation, with the Pearson coefficient 0.786
(∑PAEs), 0.747 (DBP) and 0.511 (DEHP), respectively.