三江平原典型环型湿地土壤-植被-动物系统的结构及功能研究

环型湿地是三江平原沼泽湿地的主要景观类型之一。由于微地貌的变化 ,形成了相应的高势能区和低势能区。随着势能的变化 ,形成了不同的水热分布带 ,因而也产生了不同的土壤、植物、动物的环型水平结构和垂直结构的特点。在水平结构上 ,环型湿地由中心向外缘 ,地势由低到高 ,水分由多渐少 ,温度由低到高分布。因此 ,也带来了土壤和动植物的变化 ,土壤由泥炭土向沼泽土和白浆土过渡 ;植物由沉水的小狸藻向浮水的漂筏苔草、挺水的大穗苔草 睡菜群丛、毛果苔草 -狭叶甜茅群丛、小叶章 -沼柳 -越菊柳以及外缘分布的蒙古栎 白桦岛状林发展。动物的水平结构也就有相应的变化。环型湿地每个水平分布带又都具有各自不同的垂直结构。环型湿地的特殊结构 ,使其有着巨大的储水功能和调节温度的功能。即使在高温干旱的季节 ,由于湿地表面的须根层有隔离的空间 ,阻止了温度的传导 ,减少了下层水的蒸发 ,在下层的泥炭中仍有大量的水分保持。同时 ,这里也是一个太阳能储存库和遗传基因库。深入了解环型湿地的结构与功能 ,对研究湿地生态系统的功能及其保护湿地 ,实现湿地资源的可持续利用都具有重要的意义

Structure and function of soil-vegetation-animal system of annular wetland in the Sanjiang Plain

Annular wetland is the mostcommon landscape type in the Sanjiang Plain.There were high potential energy areas and low potential energy areas in different microtopographies.Along with the change of potential energy,different water temperature distribution zones were formed.In these areas,the soil vegetation animal system has its features of horizontal and vertical structure.Considering horizontal distribution feature,from the center to the outer part of the annular wetland,topography is gradually higher;water gradually decreases temperature gradually rises soil changes from peat soil to marshy soil and lessive,and vegetation changes from Utricularia intermedia to Carex pseudocuraica ,Ass. Carex rhynchophysa Menyanthes trifoliata ,Ass. Carex lasiocarpa Glyceria spiculosa ,Ass. Salix brachypoda Salix myrtilloides Calamagrostics angustifolia and Ass. Quercus mongolica Betula platyphylla. Animal's horizontal structure also had relevant changes.There were different vertical structures among horizontal distribution areas of annular wetlands.Due to their special structure,annular wetlands have correlated functions such as water storage and temperature adjustment.In addition,annular wetlands were solar energy storage and inherit gene storage.Annular wetland is important components in the Sanjiang Plain.Fully understanding of its structures and functions is important for the research of wetland ecosystem's protection and wetland resources sustainable development.