栖息地片断化对动物种群间基因流的影响及其测定方法

栖息地片断化指在人为活动和自然干扰下,大面积连续分布的自然栖息地被其它非适宜栖息地分隔成许多面积较小的斑块(岛屿)的过程。栖息地片断化是导致生物多样性丧失和物种绝灭的主要因素,也是威胁自然界生物生存的重要因素之一。栖息地片断化将影响基因在种群间和种群内的运动(基因流),开展栖息地片断化研究对保持物种间遗传多样性具有重要意义。本文介绍了片断化程度和基因流的测定方法。回顾了国内外的研究现状,并探讨了片断化对种群间基因流的影响和对濒危物种保护的意义。

Effects of habitat fragmentation on gene flow among animal populations and their measuring methods

Habitat fragmentation is defined as the breaking up of a habitat,ecosystem,or land-use type,which were distributed continuously but now become separate fragments under the disturbance of human beings and nature.This fragmentation is the main factor resulting in biodiversity loss and species extinction and threatening the existence of living creatures,and influences the gene flow among and within animal populations.Therefore,to study habitat fragmentation is of significance in keeping species genetic diversity.This paper introduced the measuring methods of fragmented degree and gene flow,summarized the research advances in these fields,and discussed the influences of fragmentation on gene flow among animal populations and the significance for the protection of species in danger.