黑龙江省大兴安岭森林生物量空间格局及其影响因素

基于样地实测数据和EVI指数,定量分析了黑龙江省大兴安岭森林生物量空间格局,并利用ArcGIS软件的空间分析与统计工具,分析了气候区、海拔、坡度、坡向和植被类型对森林生物量空间格局的影响.结果表明: 黑龙江省大兴安岭森林生物量为350 Tg,空间上呈聚集分布,生物量有巨大的增长空间.森林生物量密度大小顺序为:寒温带湿润区(64.02 t·hm^-2)＞中温带湿润区(60.26 t·hm^-2);各植被类型生物量密度大小顺序为:针阔混交林(65.13 t·hm^-2)＞云冷杉林(63.92 t·hm^-2)＞偃松 落叶松林(63.79 t·hm^-2)＞樟子松林(61.97 t·hm^-2)＞兴安落叶松林(61.40 t·hm^-2)＞落叶阔叶混交林(58.96 t·hm^-2).随海拔和坡度的增大,森林生物量密度先减小后增加,并且阴坡大于阳坡.大兴安岭森林生物量空间格局随气候区、植被类型和地形因子的梯度变化表现出差异性,在区域尺度上估算生物量密度时,需要充分考虑这种空间差异性.

Spatial pattern of forest biomass and its influencing factors in the Great Xing’an Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,China.

Based on field inventory data and vegetation index EVI (enhanced vegetation index), the spatial pattern of the forest biomass in the Great Xing’an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province was quantitatively analyzed. Using the spatial analysis and statistics tools in ArcGIS software, the impacts of climatic zone, elevation, slope, aspect and vegetation type on the spatial pattern of forest biomass were explored. The results showed that the forest biomass in the Great Xing’an Mountains was 350 Tg and spatially aggregated with great increasing potentials. Forest biomass density in the cold temperate humid zone (64.02 t·hm^-2) was higher than that in the temperate humid zone (60.26 t·hm^-2). The biomass density of each vegetation type was in the order of mixed coniferous forest (65.13 t·hm^-2) > spruce fir forest (63.92 t·hm^-2) > Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii forest (63.79 t·hm^-2) > Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest (61.97 t·hm^-2) > Larix gmelinii forest (61.40 t·hm^-2) > deciduous broadleaf forest (58.96 t·hm^-2). With the increasing elevation and slope, the forest biomass density first decreased and then increased. The forest biomass density in the shady slopes was greater than that in the sunny slopes. The spatial pattern of forest biomass in the Great Xing’an Mountains exhibited a heterogeneous pattern due to the variation of climatic zone, vegetation type and topographical factor. This spatial heterogeneity needs to be accounted when evaluating forest biomass at regional scales.