玉米籽粒灌浆特性对播期的响应

以‘京科528’(JK528)和‘郑单958’(ZD958)为试验材料,设置早春播(4月10日播种)和春播(5月14日播种)2个播期处理,研究不同播期条件下玉米的籽粒灌浆特性.结果表明: JK528、ZD958在早春播条件下的最终百粒重和产量显著高于春播,增幅分别为6.8%和10.1%、17.8%和9.2%;籽粒最大灌浆速率(G_max)、平均灌浆速率(G_ave)表现为早春播高于春播,而籽粒活跃灌浆期(P)呈相反趋势;JK528百粒重和产量显著高于ZD958,其中JK528百粒重和产量较ZD958高7.4 g和1189.6 kg·hm^-2,增幅分别为21.6%和10.8%;P表现为ZD958大于JK528,而W_max、G_max、G_ave和T_max表现为JK528大于ZD958;同一播期,JK528在灌浆中期的平均灌浆速率高于后期,且高于ZD958.相关分析表明,籽粒干物质积累量与平均气温和积温间呈极显著正相关.可见,充分利用光热资源,提高灌浆速率,有利于获得较高粒重,从而提高玉米产量.JK528在灌浆前中期灌浆速率快的优势弥补了其灌浆活跃期略短的情况,进而在不同播期条件下均可获得较高的粒重.

Response of grain filling characteristics of maize to sowing date.

To study the effect of different sowing dates on the process of grain filling characteristics, Jingke 528 (JK528) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) were used in the field experiment with two sowing dates (10th April and 14th May). The results showed that the 100-grain dry mass and yield of JK528 and ZD958 with the early spring sowing were significantly higher than that with the spring sowing date, which increased by 6.8% and 10.1%, 17.8% and 9.2%, respectively. The maximum grain filling rate (G_max) and the average grain filling rate (G_ave) were higher with the early spring sowing than that with the spring sowing date, while the active grain filling period (P) showed an opposite trend. The 100-grain mass and yield of JK528 were significantly improved by 7.4 g and 1189.6 kg·hm^-2 compared to ZD958, with the increase of 21.6% and 10.8%, respectively. The P of ZD958 was higher than that of JK528, while W_max, G_max, G_ave and T_max of JK528 were higher than that of ZD958. The average grain filling rate of JK528 during early and mid grain filling stages was higher than that of late grain filling stages, which was also higher than that of ZD958 at the same sowing date. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the mean temperature and the accumulated temperature were significantly positively correlated with the grain dry matter accumulation. Therefore, the full use of hot-ray resources and the increase of the mean grain-filling rate could improve maize grain yield. The higher grain filling rate during early and mid grain filling stages in JK528 could compensate for the short active grain filling period, leading to higher yields under different sowing dates.