基于景观格局的甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价与管理

流域生态风险评价是流域生态保护与环境管理的重要研究内容.开展以人类活动为风险源的生态风险评价，揭示流域生态风险的空间变化规律，对于促进流域生态保护和环境管理及社会发展具有重要的指导意义.本文基于景观格局指数和生态环境脆弱度构建了流域生态风险综合指数，以甘肃白龙江流域2010年土地利用数据为基础，以ArcGIS和Fragstats软件为平台，通过空间采样和地统计空间插值得到白龙江流域生态风险的空间分布规律.结果表明：白龙江流域生态风险空间分布差异明显，总体而言，白龙江流域西北部和北部的生态风险高于流域的西部和南部山区；在白龙江流域各县区中，武都和宕昌县的生态风险较高，迭部县和文县的生态风险较低.今后应加强流域土地利用综合管理和人类活动调控，开展植被恢复和生态重建，降低不合理人为干扰的生态风险和危害，实现流域经济、社会与生态保护的“多赢”，促进区域可持续发展.

Ecological risk assessment and its management of Bailongjiang watershed,southern Gansu based on landscape pattern.

Watershed ecological risk assessment is an important research subject of watershed ecological protection and environmental management. Research on the ecological risk focuses on addressing the influence of human activities and its spatial variation at watershed scale is vital to policy making to control the impact of human activity and protocols for sustainable economic and societal development. A comprehensive ecological environment index, incorporating a landscape index and an assessment of ecological vulnerability, was put forward to assess the spatio temporal characteristics of ecological risk of the Bailongjiang watershed, southern Gansu Province, Northwest China. Using ArcGIS and Fragstats software and a land use map of 2010, an ecological risk map was obtained through spatial sampling and disjunctive Kriging interpolation. The results indicated that there were some obvious spatial differences of ecological risk levels in the watershed. The ecological risk level of the north and northwest of the Bailongjiang was higher than that of the western and southern extremities of the watershed. Ecological risk index (ERI) of Wudu and Tanchang was higher than that of Wenxian and Diebu. Some measures for ecological risk management were put forward on the basis of ERI of Bailongjiang watershed. To strengthen the integrated management of human activities and land use in the watershed, to carry out the vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction, and to reduce the ecological risks and hazards of irrational human disturbance, are vital to the realization ‘multiple win’ of the economic, social and ecological protection and for the sustainable development in the hilly area in southern Gansu.