红松阔叶混交林不同大小林隙内丘坑复合体微气候动态变化

2012年5月,在小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区阔叶红松混交林2.55 hm²的固定样地内,调查了由掘根风倒形成的38对丘坑复合体所处的7个小林隙、5个中林隙和3个大林隙以及7个郁闭林分的基本状况.于2012年6—9月,每月选定6个典型晴天,测定处于大林隙、中林隙和小林隙以及郁闭林分内每个丘坑复合体不同微立地(坑底、坑壁、丘顶、丘面及完整立地)的土壤温度、土壤含水量和空气相对湿度.结果表明: 6—9月,丘顶的土壤温度平均值最大,坑底最小;坑底土壤含水量和空气相对湿度的平均值最大,丘顶最小.上述指标在大多数微立地之间差异显著.6—9月,位于不同大小林隙和郁闭林分的丘坑复合体土壤温度总平均值依次为:大林隙>中林隙>小林隙>郁闭林分;各月份土壤水分大小次序并不一致;6月、8月和9月丘坑复合体各个微立地月均空气相对湿度大小顺序均为郁闭林分>小林隙>中林隙>大林隙,7月的排列次序有所不同.上述指标在不同大小林隙及郁闭林分内丘坑复合体大多数微立地之间差异显著.不同大小林隙和郁闭林分内丘坑复合体各微立地月均土壤温度和空气相对湿度均为7月最大,9月最小;除完整立地6月月均土壤含水量最大以外,其余微立地均为7月最大,9月最小.丘坑复合体微气候的变化主要受林隙大小、微立地和时间等的影响.

Microclimate dynamics of pit and mound complex within different sizes of forest gaps in Pinus koraiensis dominated broadleaved mixed forest.

An investigation was conducted in a 2.25 hm² plot of Pinus koraiensis dominated broadleaved mixed forest to study basic characteristics of 7 small gaps, 5 middle gaps, 3 large gaps and 7 closed stands within 38 pit and mound complexes caused by treefall in May 2012. From June to September 2012, the soil temperature, soil water content and relative humidity at five microsites (pit bottom, pit wall, mound top, mound face and undisturbed closed stands) were measured in six sunny days each month. The results showed that among the five microsites in every month, the mound top had the highest soil temperature and the lowest water content and relative humidity, and vice versa for the pit bottom. Mostly, the differences in the above indicators among the five micro sites were significant. From June to September, the mean soil temperatures for all microsites at pit and mound complex in the various gaps and closed stands were in the order of large gap>middle gap>small gap>closed stand; but the soil water content ranked differently every month. In June, August and September, the mean relative humidities for all microsites in the various gaps and closed stands were in the order of closed stand>small gap>middle gap>large gap. Mostly, the differences in the above indicators between all microsites in the various gaps and closed stand were significant. The mean monthly soil temperature and relative humidity were highest in July, but lowest in September. The maximal mean monthly soil water content occurred in July and the minimal one in September for each microsite except the undisturbed closed stands, where the maximal mean monthly soil water content occurred in July. The variation of the microclimate at the pit and mound complex was mainly influenced by gap size, microsite, and time.