小水电代燃料工程对森林生态服务功能的影响

根据国家林业局发布的《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721—2008),从涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧和积累营养物质功能4个方面进行评价,研究小水电代燃料工程的实施对贵州省麻江县项目区森林生态服务功能的物质量及其价值的影响.结果表明: 小水电代燃料工程对森林生态系统服务功能物质量的增加有显著作用.马尾松和柏木人工林在项目区内涵养水源功能的物质量达20662.04 m³·hm^-2·a^-1,比项目区外增加20.5%,保育土壤量为119.1 t·hm^-2·a^-1,比项目区外增加29.7%,固碳释氧量为220.49 t·hm^-2·a^-1,比项目区外增加40.2%,林木营养积累量达3.49 t·hm^-2·a^-1,比项目区外增加48.5%.小水电代燃料工程对项目区森林生态系统服务功能价值增加额度表现为:固碳释氧功能(7.14 万元·hm^-2·a^-1)>涵养水源功能(6.01万元·hm^-2·a^-1)>林木营养积累功能(1.38万元·hm^-2·a^-1)>保育土壤功能(0.81万元·hm^-2·a^-1).小水电代燃料工程对提高森林生态服务功能价值和实现林区的可持续发展具有重要作用.

Effects of small hydropower substitute fuel project on forest ecosystem services

Based on the Forest Ecosystem Services Assessment Standards (LY/T 1721－2008) issued by the State Forestry Administration, this paper evaluated four key functions of forest ecosystems, i.e., water conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, and nutrient accumulation. Focusing on the project area of Majiang County in Guizhou Province, this study provided some quantitative evidence that the implementation of the small hydropower substituting fuel project had positive effects on the values and material quantities of ecosystem service functions. The results showed that the small hydropower substituting fuel project had a significant effect on the increase of forest ecosystem services. Water conservation quantity of Pinus massoniana and Cupressus funebris plantations inside project area was 20662.04 m³·hm^-2·a^-1, 20.5% higher than outside project area, with soil conservation quantity of 119.1 t·hm^-2·a^-1, 29.7% higher than outside project area, carbon fixation and oxygen release of 220.49 t·hm^-2·a^-1, 40.2% higher than outside project area, and forest tree nutrition accumulation of 3.49 t·hm^-2·a^-1, 48.5% higher than outside project area. Small hydropower substituting fuel project for increasing the quota of forest ecosystem service function value was in the order of carbon fixation and oxygen release function (71400 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1) > water conservation function (60100 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1) > tree nutrition accumulation function (13800 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1) > soil conservation function (8100 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1). Small hydropower substituting fuel project played an important role for improving the forest ecological service function value and realizing the sustainable development of forest.